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Africa: $31 Trillion Debt Is Holding Back Developing Countries, UN Trade Summit Hears

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Holding the line on the existing rules-based international trading system remains an essential challenge if the world is the keep a damaging tariff war at bay, a top UN trade official said on Monday.
Addressing the UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD)’s 195 Member States in Geneva, Rebeca Grynspan said that 72 per cent of global trade “still moves under WTO rules” – a reference to the World Trade Organization, whose agreements are negotiated and signed by trading nations.
We have for now avoided the domino effect of tariff escalation that once brought the world economy to its knees in the 1930s,” Ms. Grynspan told UNCTAD members gathering in Geneva to continue efforts to lift millions out of poverty through trade.
“This didn’t happen by accident, it happened because of you, because you kept negotiating when it seemed pointless, defending a rules-based system even as you were to reform it, and building bridges even when they fell.”
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‘Impossible choices’
The UNCTAD chief’s comments follow months of global economic uncertainty amid declarations of tariff impositions on trading partners of the United States.
In recent comments, Ms. Grynspan said that rising tariffs, record debt repayments by heavily indebted nations and growing mistrust, were all halting development.
A debt and development crisis is still facing countries with impossible choices,” she said. “They have to decide: to default on their debt or on their development.”
Tariffs applied by major economies, including the United States, have jumped this year from an average of 2.8 per cent to more than 20 per cent, Ms. Grynspan recently told the UN General Assembly. “Uncertainty is the highest tariff possible,” she said, adding that it “discourages investment, slows growth and makes trade as a path to development much harder”.
Investment drying up
In Geneva, the UNCTAD top economist warned that global investment flows are retreating for the second year in a row, “eroding tomorrow’s growth”.
At the same time, today’s investment system favours projects in richer economies rather than developing nations, she continued, with one-off costs responsible for making one US dollar “three times more expensive in Zambia than in Zurich”.
Ms. Grynspan also stressed that freight costs are now “too volatile” with landlocked countries and small island developing states hit with transport bills “up to three times the global average”.
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And while AI offered the prospect of adding “trillions” to global GDP, the UNCTAD Secretary-General added that fewer than one in three developing countries have strategies to capture its benefits. A staggering 2.6 billion people remain offline, most of them women in developing countries, UN data indicates.
Public debt crisis
Echoing Ms. Grynspan’s concerns, the President of the General Assembly, Annalena Baerbock, warned that developing country debt reached $31 billion last year.
This meant that instead of being able to invest in their people’s future “by building more schools or expanding healthcare facilities, many governments are instead spending precious funds on servicing debt.”
Trust in the international system is also “eroding”, the UN General Assembly President continued. She noted that even though the global economy is worth more than $100 trillion a year, one in two people have seen “little or no rise in their income for a generation.”
Read the original article on UN News.
AllAfrica publishes around 600 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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Africa: Climate Science and Early Warnings Key to Saving Lives

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No country is safe from the devastating impacts of extreme weather — and saving lives means making early-warning systems accessible to all, UN chief António Guterres said on Wednesday.
“Early-warning systems work,” he told the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in Geneva. “They give farmers the power to protect their crops and livestock. Enable families to evacuate safely. And protect entire communities from devastation.”
“We know that disaster-related mortality is at least six times lower in countries with good early-warning systems in place,” the UN chief said.
He added that just 24 hours’ notice before a hazardous event can reduce damage by up to 30 per cent.
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In 2022, Mr. Guterres launched the Early Warnings for All initiative aiming to ensure that “everyone, everywhere” is protected by an alert system by 2027.
Progress has been made, with more than half of all countries now reportedly equipped with multi-hazard early-warning systems. The world’s least developed countries have nearly doubled their capacity since official reporting began “but we have a long way to go,” the UN chief acknowledged.
At a special meeting of the World Meteorological Congress earlier this week, countries endorsed an urgent Call to Action aiming to close the remaining gaps in surveillance.
Extreme weather worsens
WMO head Celeste Saulo, who has been urging a scale-up in early-warning system adoption, warned that the impacts of climate change are accelerating, as “more extreme weather is destroying lives and livelihoods and eroding hard-won development gains”.
She spoke of a “profound opportunity to harness climate intelligence and technological advances to build a more resilient future for all.”
Weather, water, and climate-related hazards have killed more than two million people in the past five decades, with developing countries accounting for 90 per cent of deaths, according to WMO.
Mr. Guterres emphasized the fact that for countries to “act at the speed and scale required” a ramp-up in funding will be key.
Surge in financing
“Reaching every community requires a surge in financing,” he said. “But too many developing countries are blocked by limited fiscal space, slowing growth, crushing debt burdens and growing systemic risks.”
He also urged action at the source of the climate crisis, to try to limit fast-advancing global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial era temperatures – even though we know that this target will be overshot over the course of the next few years, he said.
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“One thing is already clear: we will not be able to contain global warming below 1.5 degrees in the next few years,” Mr. Guterres warned. “The overshooting is now inevitable. Which will mean that we’re going to have a period, bigger or smaller, with higher or lower intensity, above 1.5 degrees in the years to come.”
Still, “we are not condemned to live with 1.5 degrees” if there is a global paradigm shift and countries take appropriate action.
At the UN’s next climate change conference, where states are expected to commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissions over the next decade, “we need to be much more ambitious,” he said. COP30 will take place on 10-21 November, in Belén, Brazil.
“In Brazil, leaders need to agree on a credible plan in order to mobilize $1.3 trillion per year by 2035 for developing countries, to finance climate action,” Mr. Guterres insisted.
Developed countries should honour their commitment to double climate adaptation funding to $40 billion this year and the Loss and Damage Fund needs to attract “substantial contributions,” he said.
Mr. Guterres stressed the need to “fight disinformation, online harassment and greenwashing,” referring to the UN-backed Global Initiative on Climate Change Information Integrity.
“Scientists and researchers should never fear telling the truth,” he said.
He expressed his solidarity with the scientific community and said that the “ideas, expertise and influence” of the WMO, which marks its 75th anniversary this week, are needed now “more than ever”.
Read the original article on UN News.
AllAfrica publishes around 600 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa – aggregating, producing and distributing 600 news and information items daily from over 110 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC.
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Africa: Insecurity Is Threatening Africa's Ability to Finance Its Own Development, Warns New Mo Ibrahim Foundation Research Brief

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London — The Mo Ibrahim Foundation has released a new research brief, Africa’s natural resources and conflicts: a vicious cycle, examining how growing competition over natural resources is fuelling conflicts across the continent – and how these conflicts are, in turn, undermining Africa’s ability to leverage its own wealth for development.

The Foundation warns of a vicious cycle in which resources fuel conflict, while insecurity erodes governments’ capacity to manage those resources effectively, deters investment, and reinforces perceptions of Africa as a high-risk destination.

The new research brief highlights that the security situation in Africa has worsened sharply, with security incidents increasing by 87% between 2019 and 2024. Drawing on data from the 2024 Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG), it notes that Security & Safety is the most deteriorated of all 16 governance sub-categories, declining by -5.0 points between 2014 and 2023 at the continental average level.

While this surge is seen as reflective of wider international rise in conflict, the brief highlights the enormous economic cost of insecurity in Africa. Between 1996 and 2022, intense conflict was associated with an average 20% reduction in annual economic growth. National-level impacts are also stark: in Sudan, GDP is projected to shrink by up to 42% under current conflict conditions.
The research identifies an emerging trend across the continent, where struggles over resource control are intensifying insecurity and weakening governance. The brief includes three case studies:
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Sudan: The war has deepened an already complex illicit financial flows (IFFs) landscape, with an estimated 57% of gold production smuggled in 2023. Both the SAF and RSF are funding operations through the gold sector, as international actors compete for influence.
The Sahel: Conflicts are increasingly driven by local grievances over land, climate stress, and control of resources such as gold, uranium, and oil. Armed groups, criminal networks, and foreign actors exploit these resources to finance violence, further eroding state authority in Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Chad.
DR Congo: Foreign powers and armed groups continue to fight over the country’s mineral wealth, especially cobalt, of which the DRC produces 75% of global supply. Corruption and underreporting remain rampant, with mining companies failing to declare an estimated $16.8 billion in revenue between 2018 and 2023.
The research underscores the urgent need to address the links between security and resource management to ensure that Africa can leverage its own resources and take ownership of its development agenda.
AllAfrica publishes around 600 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa – aggregating, producing and distributing 600 news and information items daily from over 110 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC.
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Africa: Powering Africa's First Solar Ai Research Hub

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The Namibia University of Science and Technology (Nust) is partnering with international and local institutions to develop Africa’s first solar-powered artificial intelligence (AI) research cluster.
The university is in advanced discussions with the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems and Karibu Kwetu Trading to establish micro-concentrated photovoltaic technology.
Micro-concentrated photovoltaic technology is a high-efficiency solar technology that uses lenses to focus sunlight onto highly efficient solar cells to achieve high concentration ratios.
Fraunhofer delivers up to 43% higher conversion efficiency, which will be aligned with Namibia’s growing research and innovation ecosystem.
This will be supported by Karibu Kwetu’s renewable energy expertise and Nust’s academic leadership in digital transformation.
The Namibian uses AI tools to assist with improved quality, accuracy and efficiency, while maintaining editorial oversight and journalistic integrity.
Read the original article on Namibian.
AllAfrica publishes around 600 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
Articles and commentaries that identify allAfrica.com as the publisher are produced or commissioned by AllAfrica. To address comments or complaints, please Contact us.
AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa – aggregating, producing and distributing 600 news and information items daily from over 110 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC.
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