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Africa: Are Volkswagen's EVs Made with African Conflict Minerals?

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The German carmaker requires substantial amounts of minerals for its transition to electric vehicles. But new research by DW shows that some of Africa’s most notorious smelters are part of Volkswagen’s supply chain.
The 3TG raw materials — tantalum, tin, tungsten and gold — are key as the auto industry strives to transition to electric vehicles (EV).
These materials are critically important for building suspension systems, wiring, lighting and electronic displays. Durable, resistant to corrosion and great for conducting electricity, 3TG minerals are currently high in demand from carmakers in Europe and elsewhere.
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) boasts some of the biggest deposits of such minerals in the world, and exploiting them could be a source of prosperity for the country in Central Africa.
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However, current profits from mining 3TG help fuel a violent conflict in the country, so that they are often also called “conflict minerals.”
DR Congo: What role do minerals play in the conflict?
According to new investigative research by DW and Dutch magazine De Groene Amsterdammer, 3TG conflict minerals are very likely to have ended up in the electric vehicles of Europe’s biggest carmaker, Volkswagen (VW).
Based on VW’s own Responsible Raw Materials Report, DW has found that at least six entities that have been linked by the DRC and the European Union to conflict minerals are part of the German company’s supply chain. Another supplier, a gold refinery in Sudan, was until recently controlled by an armed group that the United States has accused of genocide.
In an emailed statement, a VW spokesperson wouldn’t “confirm or rule out with absolute certainty” that the smelters are supplying the carmaker.
Their appearance in VW’s raw materials reporting system “does not indicate that they are necessarily part of our supply chain,” the statement added .
The smelters identified by DW include tin smelters Malaysia Smelting Corporation, Thailand’s Thaisarco and Chinese Yunnan Tin Company, and for tantalum the Ningxia Orient Tantalum Industry, also from China. For gold, DW identified the Gasabo Gold Refinery in Rwanda and the African Gold Refinery in Uganda.
“Volkswagen Group does not have a direct business relationship with any of the listed companies or mines,” the statement said, and that the “complexity of global supply chains” was responsible.
Volkswagen is the only major European car manufacturer that provides insight into where it sources its 3TG metals. This transparency has made this analysis possible, while other car manufacturers such as Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Renault and Stellantis say nothing publicly about where 3TG metals in their cars come from.
Sasha Lezhnev, a senior policy advisor at the investigative news platform The Sentry in Washington, D.C., thinks the car industry is “not paying enough attention to what is happening in Congo.”
“Companies such as Volkswagen need to do their best and pay attention to the war,” he told DW.
Carmakers’ dirty supply chains
Volkswagen, Europe’s largest car manufacturer, says that by 2030, at least 70% of the cars it sells in Europe must be electric. This means more electronics, more wiring, more 3TG metals.
On the other end of the supply chain is DRC. But it’s been shaken by violence, especially in the resources-rich east of the country, bordering Rwanda.
Minerals are smuggled from eastern DRC into Rwanda, where they are mixed with local production and exported worldwide, United Nations experts say. According to them, the Rwanda-backed rebel group M23 earns around $800,000 a month from this trade.
To expose this system, DRC filed criminal complaints against Apple, an end user of 3TG minerals, in a landmark case in 2024. DRC accused the smartphone maker of complicity in the conflict minerals trade. Apple denied the accusations.
DW found that four tin and tantalum smelters named in DRC’s criminal complaint in Belgium for their links to smuggled minerals also appear on VW’s 3TG suppliers list. These include Malaysia Smelting Corporation, Thaisarco, Yunnan Tin Company and Ningxia Orient Tantalum Industry.
VW’s supply chain also includes gold from Gasabo Gold Refinery in Rwanda and African Gold Refinery in Uganda, which have processed gold smuggled from DRC, according to the EU. The former refinery was sanctioned by the EU in early 2025.
In 2023 and 2024, Volkswagen’s supply chain included gold from the Sudan Gold Refinery in Khartoum, which at the time was controlled by the Sudanese paramilitary group Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The group has been accused of genocide by the US.
“This means that Volkswagen’s supply chain is contaminated with conflict gold and there is a huge risk that it’s indirectly funding those conflicts,” says Marc Ummel, a raw materials researcher at the Swiss nonprofit organization Swissaid.
“It’s very surprising and disappointing that [VW] has some of the worst, most notorious smelters in the world in its supply chain,” he told DW.
A patchy certification system
Companies in need of 3TG resort to business initiatives to check their sourcing policy through the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI). Smelters have their procedures checked by independent audit agencies. If everything is in order, they receive a positive assessment by the RMI.
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Volkswagen is also a member of RMI. In its code of conduct VW says that its suppliers may only use raw materials from smelters and refineries that can present a relevant audit.
But not all of the suppliers adhere to that. From all 344 entities that supplied Volkswagen with 3TG in 2024, only 61% were assessed by the RMI. This number has been decreasing. Some companies don’t present any certificate of quality at all.
VW says working with RMI-checked smelters is its “objective” and that it “works to encourage and support suppliers” in completing the assessment.
The EU established rules for monitoring imports of 3TG metals in 2021, but they have so far not changed anything on the ground in Congo, according to a study conducted by the European Commission.
Only direct importers of the materials to the EU have to comply with new rules. When companies such as Volkswagen often do not import the materials themselves, the rules don’t apply to them directly.
In Germany, the ruling coalition of the conservative CDU/CSU bloc and the center-left SPD pledged in their 2025 coalition agreement to prevent “excessive regulations” on conflict minerals by the EU.
Edited by: Uwe Hessler
This article was developed with the support of Journalismfund Europe.
AllAfrica publishes around 600 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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Africa: Researchers Identify One of the Largest Water Towers in Southern Africa in Angola

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Luanda — Angolan and National Geographic researchers have confirmed the existence of one of the largest water towers in southern Africa in Angola’s central highlands, where major rivers such as the Zambezi, Kwanza, and Congo originate.
The Vice President, Esperança da Costa, announced this on Tuesday at the opening ceremony of the Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management SASSCAL 2.0 Scientific Conference, which is themed “From Research to Action: Strengthening Sustainability through Climate Change-Impact Solutions in the Southern African Region.”
According to Vice President da Costa, the tower is an important natural freshwater reservoir on the continent. The objective of SASSCAL’s scientific research and development programs is to transform the “Water Tower of Southern Africa” into an opportunity for science and scientific research.
This will strengthen cooperation in managing water resources and preserving biodiversity. The initiative aims to safeguard the prosperity, stability, and peace of Southern African communities.
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Esperança da Costa highlighted projects such as the Wetlands, the Atlas of Dams and Reservoirs in Southern Africa, and the Graduate Schools program, all of which are aligned with environmental and climate sustainability goals.
The Vice-President said that the results of the Benguela Cold Current Convention (BCC) have been fundamental to the sustainable management of marine resources and the development of the blue economy’s potential through infrastructure and intercontinental connections such as the Lobito Corridor. These connections facilitate cross-border trade and strengthen economic diversification, sovereignty, and stability.
According to the Vice President, coordinating and operationalizing these initiatives has been crucial to addressing transboundary issues and maximizing the effectiveness of climate interventions, including protecting marine ecosystems.
Since 2023, the SASSCAL has been addressing climate change and sustainable land management challenges in Southern Africa. It is an initiative by Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Germany. Germany has already contributed 10 million euros to the project. FMA/ART/AMP
Read the original article on ANGOP.
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Africa: Somalia Steps Into the Spotlight As Mogadishu Hosts East Africa's Key Summit

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Mogadishu, Somalia – Somalia President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud on Tuesday officially opened the 2nd East African Community Cooperation Conference (EACON2025) in Mogadishu, marking another milestone in the country’s growing role within the East African bloc.
In his keynote address, President Mohamud highlighted Somalia’s historic legacy as a hub of trade and seafaring along the Indian Ocean, reaffirming his government’s commitment to advancing economic integration, regional security, and collective prosperity across East Africa.
“The majority of expatriates working in Somalia today are from East African countries. This shows how deeply interconnected our region already is,” President Mohamud said.
“Somalia’s active participation in the EAC will not only strengthen those bonds but open new opportunities for all partner states.” He added.
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He also praised Somali entrepreneurs for driving national development through investments in education, health, and infrastructure–urging them to build stronger business partnerships with counterparts across the region.
The two-day summit has drawn senior officials from all EAC member states, Somali government representatives, and regional business leaders. Delegates are focusing on boosting trade, cross-border investment, and joint responses to shared challenges in agriculture, energy, fisheries, and digital innovation.
For Mogadishu, hosting the event for the second time carries symbolic weight. Once defined by decades of conflict, Somalia is positioning itself as a bridge in regional cooperation. The conference, officials say, is as much about symbolism as it is about substance–projecting Somalia as a committed member of the EAC’s political and economic architecture.
Somalia became the eighth full member of the East African Community in March 2024, joining Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, South Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Its admission was hailed as historic: the bloc, home to more than 300 million people, now stretches from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean.
Membership gave Somalia access to new trade corridors, a common market, and stronger collective bargaining power–while also committing it to aligning policies with regional standards. For a country rebuilding its institutions, the challenge has been how to transform membership into tangible benefits for ordinary citizens.
Read the original article on Radio Dalsan.
AllAfrica publishes around 600 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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Africa: Istanbul to Host 5th Turkish-Africa Economic Forum

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The city of Istanbul will play host to the 5th Turkey-Africa Economic Forum (TABEF), which is scheduled for October 16th -17th, 2025 at Istanbul Congress Centre (ICC) in Turkey.
Hosted by Turkey’s Ministry of Trade and organised by the Foreign Economic Relations Board (DEİK) in cooperation with the African Union, the event aims to foster stronger economic ties through investment, trade, and industrial partnerships.
The forum will be graced by the President of the Republic of Türkiye H.E. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Chairperson of the African Union and President of the Republic of Angola H.E. João Goncalves Lourenço, Minister of Trade of the Republic of Türkiye H.E. Prof. Dr. Ömer Bolat, Commissioner for Economic Development, Trade, Tourism, Industry and Minerals of the African Union, H.E. Francisca Tatchouop Belobe, President of DEİK, Nail Olpak, Coordinating Chairperson of DEİK/Türkiye-Africa Business Councils Fuat Tosyali, Acting Chairperson of African Business Council (AfBC) Dr. Amany Asfour, as well as H.E. First Lady Emine Erdoğan and Ministers of Economy, Trade and Finance from various African countries.
The event is expected to attract participants including Heads of State, ministers, and business leaders from both regions, as it looks forward to discuss crucial areas pertinent to the development of both sides notably; agriculture, digital infrastructure, and textiles, among a host of others.
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The theme for this year’s forum is “Leveraging Türkiye-Africa Relations for Mutual Gains”.
Overview
Launched in line with the decisions adopted during the Second Türkiye-Africa Partnership Summit held in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea in November 2014, TABEF is a biennial event initiated since 2016.
Besides, TABEF aims to analyse the commercial and economic relations between Türkiye and African countries, assess Türkiye’s investment approach toward the continent, and enhance interactions between business communities. It also seeks to initiate dialogue between Turkish investors, the African Union (AU), and regional economic communities in order to reinforce investment ties between Türkiye and Africa.
In addition, it provides a valuable platform for leading public and private sector representatives from both Türkiye and Africa to share their experiences and policy recommendations for developing the private sector and fostering innovation-based Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs).
Through this initiative, the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Türkiye and the African Union Commission are committed to enhancing cooperation opportunities through the success of this forthcoming forum to be held in Istanbul.
Thus, the event will focus on priority economic sectors in their bid to jointly address challenges, while identifying opportunities to establish stronger economic partnerships between Türkiye and African countries–always with a view to shared interests.
Agriculture being a dominant sector for most African countries, the delegates at the forum are urge to capitalise on the existing opportunities to spur investment opportunities for increased growth in the sector.
Other priority areas like artificial intelligence, defense, and digital and data infrastructure and automotive industry among a host of others, will also take centre stage.
In essence, TABEF seeks to offer a vital opportunity to develop innovative and win-win project partnerships, allowing Türkiye and Africa to emerge as indispensable global partners through effective investment incentives that support foreign direct investment (FDI) and public-private partnerships (PPPs).
Stronger collaboration in agro-industry, healthcare, and tourism holds the promise of advancing mutual prosperity and fostering economic diversification. In this respect, TABEF will play a key role in highlighting innovative approaches, policies, and initiatives that can unlock the partnership potential between Türkiye and Africa and lead to inclusive growth and shared welfare.
Furthermore, by encouraging knowledge-sharing between the parties, the Forum will contribute to the establishment of stronger and long-lasting partnerships.
The event will also feature panel session on key thematic areas notably; B2B Meetings, B2G Sessions as well as sessions on Türkiye-Africa Women Leadership and Entrepreneurship Dialogue.
Turkey-Africa Trade and Economic Relations
In order to assess the current stage of Turkey’s relations with African countries and to identify additional ways and means to further advance them, the First Türkiye-Africa Cooperation Summit was held in Istanbul on 18-21 August 2008 with the participation of 49 African countries and representatives of 11 international and regional organisations, including the African Union. This led to the formation of “Istanbul Declaration on Türkiye-Africa Cooperation: Partnership and Solidarity for a Common Future” and the “Framework for Cooperation for Türkiye-Africa Partnership” adopted at the Summit provided a sustainable structure for Türkiye-Africa relations.
In recent years, Türkiye’s relations with Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have gained remarkable momentum. Initiated in 1998, accelerated by Türkiye’s observer membership to the African Union in 2005, and reinforced when Türkiye was declared a strategic partner of the African Union in 2008, the multi-dimensional Opening to Africa Policy achieved significant progress in political, economic, cultural, security, and development fields. This policy was successfully completed and was replaced in 2013 by the Africa Partnership Policy.
Economic ties have expanded rapidly over the last two decades. The Türkiye-Africa trade volume rose from USD 5.4 billion in 2003 to USD 40.7 billion by the end of 2022. In 2024, the trade volume stood at around USD 36.5 billion, with exports amounting to USD 21.8 billion and imports to USD 15 billion. Key partners on the continent include Egypt, Algeria, Libya, South Africa, and Nigeria. As of today, Türkiye has Free Trade Agreements in force with Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, and Mauritius. The FTA with Sudan is expected to enter into force following the completion of internal ratification procedures, while negotiations with Ghana, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, and Libya are ongoing.
The backbone of Türkiye’s steadily growing bilateral relations with African countries since 2003 has been the Strategy for the Development of Commercial and Economic Relations with Africa. This Strategy was updated at the Second Türkiye-Africa Partnership Summit in Malabo in 2014 to reflect the continent’s evolving needs. At the Third Summit held in Istanbul in 2021, the 2022-2026 Joint Action Plan was adopted. The main objectives of the Strategy are to increase Türkiye’s direct investments in Africa, create more job opportunities, and foster a conducive environment for the continent’s economic development.
As of today, Türkiye’s direct investment stock in Africa has exceeded USD 10 billion. Turkish contractors have undertaken more than 2,000 projects across the continent, with a total value approaching USD 97 billion. Türkiye’s diplomatic presence in Africa has grown from 12 embassies in 2002 to 44 embassies today. Turkish Airlines currently operates flights to 51 destinations in 39 African countries. In addition, institutions such as TİKA, the Maarif Foundation, and the Yunus Emre Institute are actively engaged across the continent in education, cultural exchange, and development cooperation.
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The foundation of Türkiye’s Africa vision is based on the principles of equal partnership, mutual benefit, and sustainable development. The 5th Türkiye-Africa Business and Economic Forum (TABEF 2025) to be held in Istanbul in October 2025 will provide a critical platform to advance trade, investment, and development dimensions of our partnership. Furthermore, the 4th Türkiye-Africa Partnership Summit, to be convened in Africa in 2026, is expected to raise the trade volume beyond USD 45 billion, finalise new Free Trade Agreements, and establish a broader and more inclusive basis for economic cooperation across the continent.
Why Attend
The Forum will be an excellent opportunity to update the current relations among the business people of participating countries and set new targets for the further development of our economic, commercial and business partnerships.
It will greatly help in expanding one’s business and discover trade & business opportunities.
“It will also help introduce one’s company and projects, products & services; meet prospective partners and generate international exposure for your brand; establish relationships with Turkish investors, suppliers & contractors; connect with new buyers & distributors from Africa; engage with international media thus allowing access to major projects and financial instruments.”
Salam Financial Service staff participate in ‘Walk for Health’
Read the original article on The Point.
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