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Africa: Climate Change Is Making Africa's Debt Burden Worse – New Debt Contracts Could Help

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Many African countries are already struggling with heavy debt burdens. Climate change is making this worse. Africa contributes the least to global emissions but suffers the most from extreme weather, rising temperatures and drought. These disasters affect not just people’s livelihoods but also national revenues, making debt repayment harder. Yet traditional debt contracts don’t account for this.
The link between these pressure points is becoming undeniable. As climate-related disasters worsen, debt-laden countries are left with fewer public resources to protect their natural ecosystems and invest in health and education.
When countries allocate more funds to debt repayment than to health or climate resilience, the system is not only broken – it is unjust. That is the reality facing many African nations today.
Read more: Debt distress in Africa: biggest problems, and ways forward
Public debt in sub-Saharan Africa reached an estimated US$1.15 trillion in 2023, with repayments increasingly flowing to private creditors. Some governments now spend more on interest than they do on education or clean water.
In exploring solutions to this problem, my recent research examined whether state-contingent debt instruments could help.
State-contingent debt instruments are usually backed by development banks or climate finance providers. They’re linked to predefined shocks to a country’s economy. These include a decline in economic output (gross domestic product) which reduces government revenue. Other shocks may be due to extreme weather events and climate change, causing disruptions to economic activity and increasing the need for increased expenditure to rebuild infrastructure, among other things. These shocks can reduce a government’s capacity to service its debts.
When such shocks occur, state-contingent debt instruments allow debt repayments to be temporarily reduced, paused, or adjusted, helping countries avoid default while focusing on recovery.
Each state-contingent debt instrument is structured differently, but the core aim remains the same: to give countries financial breathing room when they face external shocks like climate disasters or economic downturns.
Read more: African countries shouldn’t have to borrow money to fix climate damage they never caused — economist
These are already in use in some countries. Examples are Jamaica’s catastrophe bonds, where if a hurricane strikes, repayments can be paused, and Rwanda’s sustainability-linked bond. Another example is the gross domestic product-linked bond (if a country’s GDP shrinks during a crisis, repayments are reduced).
In theory, these instruments could ease the financial pressure when countries need relief most. This would enable governments to prioritise people and planet over creditors.
I am a legal and policy expert specialising in sovereign debt (the amount of money borrowed by a government), climate finance, and global economic governance. I reviewed several types of state-contingent debt instruments, analysed official reports, and drew on academic and policy literature to see how these could work for African countries.
Read more: Wealthy nations owe climate debt to Africa – funds that could help cities grow
My research found that while some countries have seen limited success using these types of debt contracts, others have had problems. These include disputes over the trigger conditions (the specific events that activate changes to repayment terms, like a natural disaster or economic shock), and high premiums demanded by the financiers.
The weak credit ratings of many African countries also mean that lenders are reluctant to enter into these contracts.
My findings suggest that while these instruments hold promise, they aren’t an automatic solution to the current problem of crippling debt repayments. Nevertheless, if they are set up in a legally watertight way, they could be a valuable part of a more just and resilient financial system, especially when combined with debt relief and fairer multilateral rules.
South Africa’s G20 presidency: an opportunity
As G20 president, South Africa can be a voice for the continent’s urgent need for a fairer financial architecture. South Africa should push for a multilateral framework for sovereign debt workouts. This is a process through which a country restructures or renegotiates its public debt with creditors when it can no longer meet repayment obligations.
Such a framework should include all creditors and debtors. Its aim should be to restructure the debt speedily and make sure that countries are not becoming so indebted that they can’t invest in protecting themselves from climate disasters.
South Africa’s G20 Africa Expert Panel was established to address debt challenges. In an effort to streamline climate finance and sovereign debt restructuring agendas, the panel can lobby for state contingent debt instruments and other fairer debt tools to be piloted.
Read more: South Africa will be president of the G20 in 2025: two much-needed reforms it should drive
Global economic governance expert Danny Bradlow and researcher Kesaobaka N. Mopipi have also suggested that the expert panel must identify what is preventing African countries’ from accessing affordable, predictable finance that is development-oriented. South Africa should also work with the African Union to deliver a unified African position at key global summits. These include COP30 and the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development. This would also help ensure that Africa’s debt, development and climate finance agendas are treated not in isolation, but as deeply interconnected challenges requiring integrated solutions.
South Africa should seize this moment. The G20 presidency is more than symbolic. It is a platform to challenge outdated norms and lead the charge towards a global debt system that serves people, planet and future generations.
What should happen next
First, design matters. State-contingent debt instruments must be fair, transparent, and tailored to country needs. Clear rules should automatically kick in when certain conditions are met, like when a country is hit by a climate disaster. These rules should be easy to enforce and aligned with each country’s own climate and development plans.
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It’s also important that key indicators, such as gross domestic product, accurately reflect local realities. In many African countries, a significant share of economic activity takes place in the informal sector. This is often under-reported in official statistics. Most importantly, African governments should take the lead in shaping how new debt instruments are designed to make sure they truly support national priorities and don’t add to future risks.
Read more: Easing Africa’s debt burdens: a fresh approach, based on an old idea
Second, technical support is essential. Investing in technical capacity, legal expertise and cross-sector coordination is needed to make sure these debt instruments work properly. Multilateral institutions, such as the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and other regional development banks, along with other development partners must support government’s efforts to bring in this capacity.
Lastly, the convergence of debt, climate and conservation in Africa demands creative, just and forward-looking solutions. Any sustainable debt solution must acknowledge that Africa in particular, and the global south generally, should not pay to fix a climate crisis they didn’t create. International debt systems need broad reforms to make them more equitable, transparent and responsive to the realities of climate-threatened economies.
Magalie Masamba, Extraordinary lecturer at the Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria
This article is republished from The Conversation Africa under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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Africa: GRA Hockey Teams in Zimbabwe for Africa Cup Club Championship

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The men and women’s hockey teams of the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) on Wednesday left for Harare, Zimbabwe, to represent Ghana at the 2026 Africa Cup Club Championship (ACCC), scheduled for January 24-31.
They secured the slots after impressive performances in the domestic league.
The men’s team finished second in the Salpholda Hockey League, while the women’s team were crowned champions to earn qualification to the continental showpiece.
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The Royal Ladies head into the tournament as defending champions of the women’s division and are aiming to defend their title and chase a historic sixth continental crown.
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They will open their campaign against Lakers Hockey Club of Kenya, before taking on Bulawayo Hockey Club and Hippo Hockey Club, both from Zimbabwe.
The GRA men’s team has been drawn into Pool B, where they will face Hotspurs, Bulawayo Hockey Club, and Hippo Hockey Club, all from Zimbabwe. The men are targeting a podium finish this year after previously ending their campaigns at the classification stage.
Speaking ahead of departure, women’s Head Coach, Ida Marmon, expressed confidence in her squad’s readiness and ambition.
“We are going to bring the trophy back. By God’s grace, we will return with it. The girls have trained well and I can confidently say they are 100 per cent fit for the competition,” she assured.
Madam Marmon added that she was not burdened by pressure heading into the tournament.
The Men’s Head Coach, Victor Sowah, is also confident his side would shine at the championship, saying, “So far, I believe we have done everything required in terms of preparation. The responsibility now lies with us to go there and perform according to plan,” he stated.
Addressing expectations, Coach Sowah noted that the men’s competition was always competitive and that reflected in the kind of training the team went through.
He acknowledged the defensive lapses observed during the league season but assured that corrective measures have been taken.
Coach Sowah commended the GRA administration for their immense support, adding that “the best way to appreciate the effort from management is to win the championship in both categories.”
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Read the original article on Ghanaian Times.
AllAfrica publishes around 400 reports a day from more than 90 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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Africa: Beyond Shifting Power – Rethinking Localisation Across the Humanitarian Sector

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Abuja, Nigeria — For the last decade, many in the foreign aid sector have emphasised the need for localisation, and in the last 5 years, the calls have been louder than ever. I am one of such voices.
I believe that power should shift to local actors, who have a better understanding of local needs and culturally sensitive approaches to working in various communities. Late last year, while co-speaking on a panel about the future of the humanitarian sector, I heard a radical idea from international development professional Themrise Khan. She argued for the need to completely dismantle the humanitarian sector as it currently operates (note, the formal sector, and not humanitarianism itself).
This idea was reinforced when I read an opinion about how the ‘shifting of power’ we might see in the coming months/years, will be another form of neocolonialism as funds go directly to local entities… but with a caveat on what the funds should be used for, under the guise of the Global Goals or ‘allowable costs’.
This would restart a vicious cycle of political quid pro quo. Some people might argue that it is human nature for an entity to desire to influence how the funds they give are used. However, this negates the altruism that we all claim we subscribe to in the humanitarian world.
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The idea of ‘shifting power’ only works if local professionals, in tandem with the communities they serve, also determine where the fund should go and what it should fund. Funding local actors directly while still dictating the purpose of the funds is simply a redesign of a system that has failed
My two cents? The idea of ‘shifting power’ only works if local professionals, in tandem with the communities they serve, also determine where the fund should go and what it should fund. Funding local actors directly while still dictating the purpose of the funds is simply a redesign of a system that has failed.
Communities should have the freedom to interpret the Global Goals within their local contexts, as some of their needs are not fully captured in the way the Global Goals are articulated. That is true power. Besides, many communities already have ancestral practices and traditional approaches to solving some of their needs. What they may lack is structure, access to the corridors of power, sufficient funding or contemporary systems for measuring success.
This brings me to another issue: redefining what success is.
The fact is that radical change is incremental. It is never the work of a sole organisation, and it definitely does not happen within a 12-month cycle.
When engaging with communities, we ought to recognise that even a shift in understanding is itself a significant change. While intangible, such changes are the bedrock of long-term impact. So, yes, we may have engaged 1000 people, but we cannot expect that harmful traditions that have endured for ages will suddenly end because of a few awareness sessions.
Our Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEL) metrics should focus on incremental change, such as increased understanding. This may be measured through shifts in language (how issues are described and understood) or in the adoption of new practices, even where harmful practices have not yet been fully phased out.
When success is viewed through such lenses, the pressure to provide a perfect scorecard eases; projects become more human-centred and make room for the complexity of human attitudes and decision-making. This is why we must invest in learning varied qualitative evaluation methods. Our current systems are skewed towards numbers alone, missing nuance and the real process of changemaking.
This shift also creates the proper canvas for storytelling as a tool for communicating impact. Stories show change over time in a way that remains with the audience.
This is not to say that numbers cannot achieve a similar result. Neither am I saying we should expunge numbers from MEL. Rather, stories capture our shared humanness.
They help people on opposite ends of the world see themselves in one another, and can be the reason someone chooses to click the donate button, gain a deeper understanding of an issue, or become an advocate for a cause far removed from their lived experience. While numbers show correlation, stories establish connection. This is why they are most powerful when used together.
In all of this- from project design to execution- humanitarian and development professionals need to adopt the role of facilitators.
For too long, we have spoken on behalf of communities, defining their needs and how they must be solved. While some of us have worked closely with these communities long enough to understand their realities, we must still create space for them to speak for themselves and self-advocate. The concept of localisation is not limited to foreign relations.
It also applies to us, the local actors. We must get as local as ‘local’ can get, and pass the microphone to the people who are most affected by the issues. Am I saying we cannot be advocates or design interventions based on past project performance? No. I am arguing that we become co-advocates.
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Our data-gathering processes must be inclusive, and where we are working with evidence from past interventions, we must be humble enough to ask if the data is still valid: how much has changed? What should we do differently? How can we involve the community even more? Thus, in closing out a project, we must always leave a window open for continuous data collection.
Ultimately, true localisation means centring the voices, agency, and aspirations of communities themselves. This is a lesson to both local and international development and humanitarian practitioners.
As the world order shifts, there is an opportunity for the Global Majority to achieve lasting impact. We must commit and take actionable steps to ensure that communities are architects of their own development journeys. We have a great opportunity now. Let’s seize it!
Angela Umoru-David is a creative social impact advocate whose experience cuts across journalism, inclusive program design, nonprofit management and corporate/development communications, and aims to capture a plurality of views that positively influence the African narrative.
Read the original article on IPS.
AllAfrica publishes around 400 reports a day from more than 90 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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Africa: Africa Handball Nations Cup – Nigeria's Golden Arrows Zoom Into Quarter Final

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With emphatic wins over Algeria and Zambia in their opening two matches, Nigeria have now sealed a quarter-final berth and strengthened their bid for a place at the 2027 World Handball Championship in Germany
Nigeria’s Senior Men’s Handball Team, the Golden Arrows, delivered a commanding performance on Thursday, thrashing Zambia 36-18 to secure early qualification for the quarter-finals of the 25th Africa Men’s Handball Nations Cup in Kigali.
The victory, Nigeria’s second in Group A, confirmed their place in the knockout phase and underlined their growing status as one of the tournament’s most formidable sides.
Nigeria seized control of the contest from the opening exchanges, pairing compact defensive organisation with incisive attacking play. The Golden Arrows raced into a comfortable rhythm and went into the break with a seven-goal advantage, leading 17-10 at halftime.
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After the restart, the team coached by Rafiu Salami raised the tempo further, completely overwhelming their Zambian opponents. Swift ball circulation, clinical backcourt shooting and relentless pressure in defence left Zambia struggling to cope as the scoreline widened.
Right winger Azeez Sulaiman was the standout performer, producing a composed and influential display. The France-based player finished as Nigeria’s top scorer with eight goals and was deservedly named the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the match.
Sulaiman received strong support across the court, with Faruk Yusuf and John Shagari contributing five goals each. Rotibi Victor and Hakeem Salami added four goals apiece, while Mustapha Mohammed and Kareem Ajibike chipped in with three goals each.
Dikko Ibrahim scored twice, while captain Stephen Sessugh and Cole Gbenga completed the scoring with a goal each, highlighting Nigeria’s depth and balance in attack.
At the other end of the court, the Golden Arrows were equally impressive. Zambia were limited to just eight goals in the second half as Nigeria’s disciplined defensive lines forced turnovers that regularly led to quick counter-attacks.
With emphatic wins over Algeria and Zambia in their opening two matches, Nigeria have now sealed a quarter-final berth and strengthened their bid for a place at the 2027 World Handball Championship in Germany.
The Golden Arrows will round off their Group A campaign against host nation Rwanda on Saturday, aiming to maintain their perfect record and carry momentum into the knockout stages.
Read the original article on Premium Times.
AllAfrica publishes around 400 reports a day from more than 90 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
Articles and commentaries that identify allAfrica.com as the publisher are produced or commissioned by AllAfrica. To address comments or complaints, please Contact us.
AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa – aggregating, producing and distributing 400 news and information items daily from over 90 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC.
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