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Africa: Trafficking Is Decimating the Horn's Cheetah Population

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Instability, enforcement gaps and poverty combine to enable the rampant trafficking of cheetah cubs to the Middle East.
Cheetah trafficking in the Horn of Africa has reached crisis levels. Research has documented at least 1 884 incidents involving around 4 000 live cheetahs and cheetah parts related to the illegal wildlife trade from Africa to the Arabian Peninsula between 2010 and 2019.
A more recent study sheds light on how baby cheetahs are smuggled from the Horn of Africa to Gulf countries and sold as exotic pets. The illicit trade has increased significantly – since 2020, annual figures are 60% higher than in the previous decade.
The Cheetah Conservation Fund says around 300 cubs are illegally captured each year in Ethiopia, northern Kenya, Somalia and Somaliland to supply the illicit cheetah trade.
As predators, cheetahs help maintain ecosystem health by ensuring predator-prey balance, which prevents overgrazing and supports biodiversity. The latest estimates suggest that only 2 290 cheetahs remain in the Horn of Africa wildlands. Both CITES and the International Union for Conservation of Nature list the animals as vulnerable and at risk of extinction.
Consequently, the international trade in wild-caught cheetahs for commercial purposes is prohibited, with exceptions granted to Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe through annual quotas for hunting trophies and live specimens.
Despite the trade ban, cheetahs face significant risks in East Africa. Cubs are trafficked to meet growing demand in the Middle East, where owning a cheetah is a prestigious status symbol. Instability, enforcement gaps and high poverty levels in the Horn combine to enable rampant cheetah trafficking across East African borders.
Baby cheetahs are sold in Somalia for about US$78. The practice has been linked to local farmers who share land with these animals or encroach on their natural habitat. When cheetahs kill livestock, farmers make up their losses by catching and selling cubs, says the International Fund for Animal Welfare.
Criminal groups transport the cubs to Somalia by motorcycle, exploiting porous borders and circumventing enforcement efforts. From Somalia, they are shipped to Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Yemen, where they are sold to exotic pet collectors and private zoos for up to KES3.8 million (almost US$30 000) each.
‘Many die before they reach their destination, mainly due to poor conditions and inadequate care,’ the Cheetah Metapopulation Initiative’s Vincent van der Merwe told the ENACT organised crime project.
Social media, e-commerce sites and mobile applications enable this cross-border crime. A 2024 report by TRAFFIC, a non-governmental organisation dedicated to ensuring that wildlife trade is legal and sustainable, found that 70% of online trade in cheetahs happened on social media.
Somaliland has become a conduit for the illegal wildlife trade. Its geographical proximity to the Arabian Peninsula’s wealthy consumer markets for exotic wildlife, as well as weak regulations, rampant poverty and inadequate environmental awareness, all facilitate the trafficking.
Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia also contribute to the trade, primarily through corrupt practices. In October 2024, The East African noted the role of corrupt border officials in promoting illegal sales.
Cheetah trafficking continues despite efforts to combat wildlife crime. These include initiatives like the Horn of Africa Wildlife Enforcement Network, founded in 2017 by the region’s Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) members. Cheetah ownership has also been banned in destination countries such as the UAE, which took the step in 2016.
Cheetah trafficking is a complex issue requiring sustainable cross-border solutions. The International Fund for Animal Welfare calls for stronger collaboration between national law enforcement agencies in the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa.
Given the high levels of poverty in the Horn, sustainable income opportunities must be offered to reduce the incentives for individuals and communities to get involved in cheetah trafficking. Bringing local communities into conservation efforts will raise awareness about the environmental and economic benefits of protecting cheetahs and provide livelihood options through tourism initiatives.
Better pay for wildlife conservation workers may close a gap exploited by criminal groups. This aligns with findings that public officials living in difficult socioeconomic conditions may tolerate, condone or participate in East Africa’s illegal wildlife trade to supplement low salaries.
Anti-poaching initiatives must be strengthened through better training for law enforcement officials and using technology such as drones, to monitor protected and affected areas. Several examples in Africa show that poaching can be effectively reduced in this way.
Changing consumer behaviour through awareness campaigns that target both sellers and buyers of cheetah cubs is equally important. In the Middle East, for example, campaigns should focus on educating the public about the ethical and environmental implications of owning exotic pets and how depleted animal populations harm the home ecosystem.
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The cultural perception of cheetah ownership could be reshaped through celebrity endorsements of wildlife conservation initiatives and collaborations with social media influencers who advocate for protecting endangered species.
Governments, international bodies and tech companies should together develop tools for detecting and removing illegal wildlife trade listings online. Social media platforms and e-commerce websites must also be held accountable for failing to prevent illicit trading on their sites.
Dr Laurie Marker and Shira Yashphe of the Cheetah Conservation Fund told ENACT that regional bodies like IGAD should initiate joint projects against wildlife trafficking between governments in East Africa and the Gulf. Specifically, they noted that stronger laws against cheetah trafficking are needed, along with regional protocols to ensure member states’ adherence.
This article was first published by ENACT.
Valtino Omolo, Research Officer, ENACT, ISS Nairobi
Willis Okumu, Senior Researcher, ENACT, ISS Nairobi
Read the original article on ISS.
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Africa: Updated WHO Manuals Released to Help Countries Strengthen Foodborne Disease Surveillance and Response

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Timely detection and effective response to foodborne diseases are essential to protect public health and prevent local events from escalating into wider emergencies. To support countries in strengthening these capacities, the World Health Organization has released updated editions of its full set of manuals on strengthening surveillance of and response to foodborne diseases.
The updated manuals provide practical, structured guidance for building, assessing, and strengthening national foodborne disease surveillance and response systems. Together, they form a coherent package that supports countries at different stages of development, from establishing foundational surveillance functions to advancing integrated surveillance across the food chain.
A coherent framework for strengthening national systems
The manuals introduce a three-stage framework that guides countries in developing surveillance and response systems that are fit for purpose, sustainable, and aligned with international expectations. The framework supports progressive system strengthening, starting with core detection and response capacities and advancing toward the integration of data across public health, food safety, laboratory, animal health, and environmental sectors.
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Across all stages, the manuals emphasize clear roles and responsibilities, multisectoral collaboration, and the use of surveillance data to inform timely risk assessment, response, and prevention activities.
Practical guidance for action
Each manual includes practical tools that national authorities can use to assess current capacities, identify gaps, and plan priority actions. These include self-assessment instruments, decision trees, templates, field investigation tools, and case studies drawn from real-world experience.
The updated editions place greater emphasis on equity, data use, and the linkage between foodborne disease surveillance and food contamination monitoring. They also reflect emerging priorities, including the growing influence of climate and environmental factors on foodborne risks and the need for adaptable surveillance systems that can respond to changing contexts.
Supporting data-driven decision-making
Stronger surveillance and response systems improve the quality, timeliness, and use of data for public health decision making, supporting earlier detection of events, more reliable risk assessments, effective outbreak investigations, and the translation of evidence into prevention and control measures.
The updated manuals are designed to work alongside existing World Health Organization guidance on specific tools and approaches for foodborne disease surveillance and response, including whole genome sequencing as a tool to strengthen foodborne disease surveillance and response. Such tools can add value at different points along the surveillance pathway, particularly as systems mature. The manuals emphasize that advanced methods are most effective when built on strong foundational capacities, and provide the system-level framework within which countries can consider, adopt, and sustainably integrate approaches such as genomic sequencing in line with their context, priorities, and readiness.
For countries working to strengthen their foodborne disease surveillance systems, the updated manuals provide tools to develop a practical roadmap for action, supporting national efforts to reduce the burden of foodborne diseases and protect population health.
“These updated manuals reflect the strong collaboration, collective work, and shared expertise of members of the WHO Alliance for Food Safety and partners across sectors. They provide countries with practical guidance to strengthen foodborne disease surveillance and response, support integrated approaches across the food chain, and translate data into timely action to better protect public health.”
Dr Intisar Salim Al-Gharibi, Director, Risk Assessment and Food Crisis Management
Food Safety and Quality Centre, Oman
Co-Chair, Working Group on Foodborne Disease Surveillance Integration, WHO Alliance for Food Safety
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“Addressing foodborne diseases is critical for protecting public health, and these updated manuals provide guidance to countries to strengthen core capacities for foodborne disease surveillance and response required under the International Health Regulations and aligned with the WHO Global Strategy for Food Safety.”
Mr Yahya Kandeh, Technical Officer, Food Safety
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Ethiopia
Co-Chair, Working Group on Foodborne Disease Surveillance Integration, WHO Alliance for Food Safety
Read all the manuals on strengthening surveillance of and response to foodborne diseases here:
Read the original article on WHO.
AllAfrica publishes around 400 reports a day from more than 120 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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Africa: Morocco Beat Nigeria On Penalties to Set Up Senegal Final At Cup of Nations

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Morocco beat Nigeria in a penalty shootout on Wednesday night in Rabat to advance to the final of the 2025 Africa Cup of Nations.
A game dominated by the hosts from the outset ended 0-0 after the regulation 90 minutes and 30 minutes of extra-time.
Morocco goalkeeper Yassine Bounou saved shootout strikes from Samuel Chukwueze and Bruno Onyemaechi to furnish Youssef En-Nesyri with the chance to send a national team into a Cup of Nations final for the first time since 2004.
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The 28-year-old Fenerbahce striker swept home confidently past the Nigeria goalkeeper Stanley Nwabali and wheeled away before he was submerged by a pile of gleeful teammates.
The Moroccans entered the game on the back of a 23-match unbeaten streak which had taken them to the top of the African rankings.
Nigeria, containing two former African footballers of the year in the shapes of Victor Osimhen and Ademola Lookman, had been the most prolific team of the competition notching up 14 goals in their five games en route to the semi-final in Rabat.
But from the moment referee Dan Laryea blew the whistle, that dynamic duo and the rest of their accomplices were second best.
The passing that had scythed through the likes of Tunisia, Mozambique and Algeria was absent or wayward.
Akor Adams, so vibrant in previous games down the right wing was unable to link up consistently with the roving Lookman or Osimhen’s darts into space.
Starved of possession and angles reduced, the Nigerians sunk into listlessness or clumsiness on the ball.
Egypt dethrone Côte d’Ivoire to reach semis at the Africa Cup of Nations
On a rare sortie forward after 14 minutes, Lookman forced Bounou to beat away a shot.
But it was brief interlude in the Nigerian drama of pain.
The Moroccans kept them under the cosh but failed to inflict the killer blow.
Ayoub El Kaabi could not wrap his foot around a knockdown into the penalty area after 28 minutes to get his shot away.
Brahim Diaz’s curler skimmed past the post and Abdessamad Ezzalzouli twice tested Nwabali.
The pattern remained the same throughout the second-half: Moroccan domination without incision.
In the last four minutes of extra-time, Nigeria slowed the game down seemingly happy to be still alive after so much time spent chasing shadows.
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Following the two fluffed shots, their campaign ended to the delight of the mostly Moroccan fans in the 66,000 crowd at the Stade Prince Moulay Abdellah.
On Sunday night at the same venue, Achraf Hakimi will attempt to become the first Morocco skipper to lift the Africa Cup of Nations trophy since 1976.
His side will face Senegal who beat Egypt 1-0 in the first semi-final in Tangier.
Sadio Mané scored the only goal of the game in the 78th minute to terminate Egypt’s attempt to brandish a record-extending eighth continental crown.
Read or Listen to this story on the RFI website.
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Africa: Kenya Begin Preps for First-Ever Africa Futsal Cup Qualification

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NAIROBI — The national futsal team have commenced training for the Africa Cup of Nations qualifier tie against Namibia.
The 14-member squad reported to camp at the Kasarani Indoor Arena under the keen eye of head coach James Omondi.
Kenya play the southern Africans in the opening round of the qualifiers, with the first leg set for February 3-4, before the return tie, three days later.
Should they edge past Namibia, the home boys face Libya in the next round, with the chance to become among seven countries to join hosts Morocco at the continental competition.
Kenya have never qualified for the continental showpiece before but will be buoyed by their five-star performance at last year’s Asian Futsal Cup in Sri Lanka.
Final Squad
Mike Ochieng, Samwel Owiti, Anas Hamad, Shaban Mark, Kevin Omondi, Gift Mumo, Kelvin Odongo, Patrick Kaiser, Mohammed Hassan, Tony Kegode, Salim Abdullahi, Muthoni Newton, Lewis Ng’ang’a, Isaac Omweri,
Technical Bench
James Omondi (Head Coach), Joseph Mbugi (Assistant Coach), Patrick Nyale (Goalkeeper Trainer), Alfonce Onyango (Kit Manager), Evanson Ngugi ( Team Physio), Bruce Juma (Team Doctor), Suleiman Ngotho (Strength and Conditioning Coach),
Read the original article on Capital FM.
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