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Africa: Is the Loss of Aid an Opportunity for Africa?

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US and EU aid cuts could prompt Africa to end its dependency, but the task for poor countries will be especially difficult.
United States (US) President Donald Trump’s administration has wrought havoc across Africa and beyond by abruptly dismantling the multibillion-dollar US Agency for International Development (USAID). This has terminated countless development projects and put millions of recipients at risk.
The cuts are difficult to quantify because of the chaotic way the US has gone about them. But 5 341 USAID programmes worth US$75.9 billion have been wiped out, says Devex – an independent news organisation covering development issues, quoting a leaked USAID document. Some 898 programmes, worth around US$78 billion, remain. Devex says the US State Department also lost 2 100 aid programmes totalling US$4.6 billion.
Jakkie Cilliers, Head of the Institute for Security Studies’ (ISS) African Futures and Innovation (AFI) programme, summarised the possible global impact. Drawing on various sources, he noted: up to 18 million additional cases of malaria yearly; a million cases of severe and potentially fatal childhood malnutrition; 600% more HIV infections; and a spread of famine as US$489 million of life-saving and life-sustaining food assistance is at risk of spoilage, delay or diversion.
In Africa, AFI’s modelling estimates there could be about 5.6 million more extremely poor people by 2026, and the overall African economy could shrink by about US$4.2 billion by 2030. The impact on HIV/AIDS in Africa would be immense because of cuts to the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR).
Cilliers notes that US official development assistance represents about 30% of the global total while the European Union (EU) contributes about 42%. And what has largely been ignored is that several EU states, including France, Germany, Netherlands and Belgium, are also cutting their aid budgets. So are the United Kingdom and Switzerland, by about 25% each.
This is mostly because in an increasingly perilous world – and particularly because Trump is threatening to withdraw US support from Europe just as it faces a greater threat from Russia – Western countries are diverting development aid to defence.
‘Europe is restructuring its development aid, shifting from traditional grants to investment-driven funding while cutting budgets and [prioritising defence], raising concerns about the future of global development,’ according to Devex.
African countries have been slow in determining how to fill the gaping holes in their development budgets, including finding ways to increase domestic revenues by for example more efficient tax revenue services.
South African President Cyril Ramaphosa last week acknowledged that America’s decision to slash PEPFAR, which contributed 17% of South Africa’s cost of fighting HIV/AIDS, was a ‘wake-up call’ to his government to fund that 17% itself.
However, GroundUp and Spotlight noted that the crisis had erupted in January, yet it took South Africa’s Health Department until 3 March just to meet with USAID implementing partners in the country. And no money had yet been allocated to fill ‘the massive hole left by PEPFAR cuts which are estimated to result in hundreds of thousands of deaths over the next [decade].’
Others see this as Africa’s chance to change its relationship of dependency on donor countries – as Kenyan satirist and commentator Patrick Gathara did in a Resistance Bureau webinar last week on ‘Africa After Aid? The Impact and Possibilities’.
He lamented that the aid cuts discourse had largely been ‘a return to the old narrative of the hopeless continent that is incapable of taking care of itself without the help of good-natured westerners.’ Instead, Africa was a net creditor to the world and donor countries earned US$7-US$8 for every dollar they spent on aid, he said.
Gathara suggested that other African countries learn from Kenya, where young people especially protested last year against President William Ruto’s attempt to raise taxes. They demanded he balance the books by tackling corruption and excessive government spending instead.
Nic Cheeseman, University of Birmingham Professor of Democracy, agreed that the yawning gap in aid revenues would have to be filled by increasing public pressure on governments to be more accountable, shifting revenues away from corruption towards delivering services. He told the webinar that South Sudan, for example, spent a tiny percentage of its budget on providing healthcare, relying on the US to fund about 60-70% of it.
However, Cheeseman said that channelling that pressure was a problem, particularly as the aid cuts were also defunding civil society organisations pushing for democracy and good governance.
Cilliers said USAID had been a major funder of programmes to strengthen democratic institutions, human rights and governance across Africa. This sector would be one of those most affected by cuts, as over 90% of the USAID and State Department funding for this work was being abolished.
He said the absence of democracy aid could entrench authoritarian leaders and provoke political instability in Africa, making African countries more susceptible to the influence of undemocratic countries like China and Russia.
Cheeseman thought countries like the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia would partly fill the vacuum in development financing. ‘So the new game might prove more problematic from the [viewpoint] of an African Renaissance,’ he said. Meanwhile, the US would be ceding a tremendous amount of soft power, including policy influence, to these other countries.
Cilliers told the webinar that AFI research showed that the levels of democracy in many African countries were higher than expected, given development levels. He attributed some of that ‘democratic surplus’ to conditionalities and the pro-democracy efforts funded by Western aid agencies.
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Official development assistance ‘is the form our international cooperation took in the 1960s and 50s,’ French Development Agency CEO Rémy Rioux told Devex. ‘What will happen now is just consistent with what the world has become, and we need a new architecture. We need to turn from assistance to investment – sustainable, inclusive investment.’
However, Cilliers cautioned those now celebrating the end of aid dependency in Africa that it wouldn’t be easy for trade and private investment to solve the continent’s development challenges, especially for the poorest countries. He said Africa’s 22 least developed countries commanded only about 0.4% of global trade, and its 24 low- to middle-income countries enjoyed only around 1%.
‘Expecting these countries to trade their way out of poverty is at best a multi-generational project,’ he noted. ‘Large multinationals don’t invest in poor countries. Neither with global philanthropy nor funds from the diaspora will [Africa] be able to fill the hole that is being left. Africa is increasingly on its own but its financial independence comes with a price.’
Perhaps the only bright spot is that some gaps from USAID will be filled by European countries using the opportunity to leverage their own soft power as tensions and competition with the US intensify.
For all its manifold errors and challenges, European aid has traditionally been more transparent and based on political and policy dialogue compared to that from the US.
Peter Fabricius, Consultant, ISS Pretoria
Read the original article on ISS.
AllAfrica publishes around 500 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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Africa: Ahead of UN Summit, Countries Finalise Landmark 'Compromiso De Sevilla'

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UN Member States have reached agreement on the outcome document for the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development, to be formally adopted at an upcoming summit in Sevilla, Spain – though without the participation of the United States, which withdrew from the negotiations and announced it will not attend the conference.
On Tuesday, Member States at UN Headquarters endorsed the finalized outcome document, known as the Compromiso de Sevilla (the Seville Commitment), following months of intensive intergovernmental negotiations.
It is intended as the cornerstone of a renewed global framework for financing sustainable development, particularly amid a widening $4 trillion annual financing gap faced by developing countries.
A reinvigorated framework
Co-facilitators of the outcome document – Mexico, Nepal, Zambia and Norway – hailed the agreement as an ambitious and balanced compromise that reflects a broad base of support across the UN membership.
“This draft reflects the dedication, perseverance, and constructive engagement of the entire membership,” said Ambassador Alicia Buenrostro Massieu, Deputy Permanent Representative of Mexico.
“Sevilla is not a new agenda. It is a strengthening of what already exists. It renews our commitment to the Addis Ababa Action Agenda and aligns fragmented efforts under a single, reinvigorated framework,” she added.
Nepal’s Ambassador Lok Bahadur Thapa called the outcome a “historic opportunity” to confront urgent financing challenges.
“It recognizes the $4 trillion financing gap and launches an ambitious package of reforms and actions to close this gap with urgency,” he said, highlighting commitments to boost tax-to-GDP ratios and improve debt sustainability.
United States withdrawal
The agreement came despite sharp divisions on several contentious issues, culminating in the United States decision to exit the process entirely.
“Our commitment to international cooperation and long-term economic development remains steadfast,” said Jonathan Shrier, Acting US Representative to the Economic and Social Council.
“However, the United States regrets that the text before us today does not offer a path to consensus.”
Mr. Shrier voiced his country’s objection to proposals in the draft, which he said interfered with the governance of international financial institutions, introduced duplicative mechanisms, and failed to align with US priorities on trade, tax and innovation.
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He also opposed proposals calling for a tripling of multilateral development bank lending capacity and language on a UN framework convention on international tax cooperation.
Renewal of trust
Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs Li Junhua welcomed the adoption of the document, calling it a clear demonstration that “multilateralism works and delivers for all.”
He praised Member States for their flexibility and political will in finalizing the agreement, despite challenges.
“The FFD4 conference presents a rare opportunity to prove that multilateralism can deliver tangible results. A successful and strong outcome would help to rebuild trust and confidence in the multilateral system by forging a renewed financing framework,” Mr. Li said.
For the common good
The Sevilla conference, to be held from 30 June to 3 July will mark the fourth major UN conference on financing for development, following Monterrey (2002), Doha (2008) and Addis Ababa (2015).
It is expected to produce concrete commitments and guide international financial cooperation in the lead-up to and beyond the 2030 deadline of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
“We firmly believe that this outcome will respond to the major challenges we face today and deliver a real boost to sustainable development,” said Ambassador Thapa of Nepal.
Read the original article on UN News.
AllAfrica publishes around 500 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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Africa: Transforming Rwanda's Workforce – a Skills-Led Approach for Jobs and Growth

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From Market Stalls to Media House: Rwanda’s Journey to Job Creation
A sunny June day in a Kigali market, a young girl named Joy sets out a small basket of oranges along the road. She had left school due to financial hardship, and now her days are a juggling act–helping her mother with chores, walking her younger male siblings to school, and selling whatever produce is in season to help make ends meet. Despite being smart and filled with ambition, she had become one of the 21% of young girls who are not in education, employment or training, confined to low-paying work and earning below the national poverty line.
Given her circumstances, education felt out of reach, but Joy still dreamed of learning skills so she could tell stories behind cameras and design visual content. With no formal training and few opportunities for young women in technical fields, it really was just a dream.
Today, Joy isn’t at the roadside stand. Within six months of completing a digital skills training, she’s started working at a vibrant media house in Kigali and still does–creating content for “Made in Rwanda” campaigns–and earning 9.6% more money as a result.
What changed? The Impact of the Priority Skills for Growth Program
Joy is one of nearly 24,000 youth who benefited from the World Bank’s Rwanda Priority Skills for Growth Program-for-Results (PSG). This initiative shifted Rwanda’s skills development model from a supply-driven approach to a market-driven model. With $270 million financing, the program expanded job-relevant training for out-of-school youth (focusing especially on young females); established private sector partnerships for on-the-job training; strengthened institutional capacity; and provided access to affordable student loans for long-term training to over 29,000 students.
THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT: A song produced by trained students who obtained their certificates after 6 months of training in ICT & Digital skills under the PSG Program.
Aligning Training with Market Needs: Bridging the Skills Gap
Before the PSG Program, a majority of Rwanda’s youth and graduates struggled with employability, not finding jobs due to the mismatch of qualifications with labor market needs. The Skills Development Fund, introduced under the PSG Program, bridged the skills gap by fostering industry-training collaboration and equipping out-of-school youth with market relevant skills.
The development of competency-based modular programs with industry participation ensured that training programs were aligned with labor market needs. Faculty members gained hands-on experience through industry attachments, enhancing the relevance of instruction and improving program delivery.
The results were impressive: 80% of the 1,360 beneficiaries interviewed who had participated in the short-term training under the Rapid Response Training window found permanent jobs after completing their training. Overall, more than 80% of the nearly 24,000 individuals who participated in Skills Development Fund programs successfully graduated, with women making up over one-third of graduates.
Employers confirmed the program’s effectiveness, with 83% reporting high satisfaction with how the training improved workplace productivity. The PSG also boosted entrepreneurship, with many graduates starting businesses that created additional jobs. These outcomes demonstrated how well-targeted, employer-linked training could transform workforce development across an entire country.
The PSG Program catalyzed the creation and accreditation of 46 new or upgraded TVET and degree programs on the selected economic sectors aligned with market needs (energy, transport and logistics, and agro-processing). Thus, nearly 6,000 new students enrolled in these future-forward fields. With programs co-developed alongside industry partners, students weren’t just learning–they were preparing for real jobs in real industries.
From Gender Gaps to Growing Equality
For girls like Joy, the challenges were even steeper. Technical training was largely male-dominated–men outnumbered women three to one in technical tertiary institutions. But the PSG Program made gender inclusion a cornerstone of its mission, supporting government gender equality policy, which encouraged greater female participation in the training programs.
Gender-based violence (GBV) awareness has become part of the curriculum with updates of institutions’ codes of conduct. Retooling staff implementing the program with gender-responsive training and gender consideration in students’ enrollment paid off. Women made up 47.8% of short-term training graduates. .
In Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) programs–where women had been chronically underrepresented–female access to student loans for long-term training has increased from 32% to 38%.
Data-Driven Decision Making: Enhancing Skills Development with Real-Time Insights
One reason Rwanda’s reforms worked is because they were backed by data. At the start of the PSG Program, there was no centralized way to understand where graduates went, what employers needed, or how well training worked.
The PSG Program introduced two transformative systems: a Graduate Tracking System and a modernized Labor Market Information System. These tools gave policymakers and educators real-time insights into school outcomes and graduate success, helping align training programs with labor market needs, skills gaps, and emerging opportunities.
Laying the Foundation for the Future
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This program is a powerful example of what’s possible when investment aligns with real labor market needs through a results-based financing approach. By linking financing to results and labor market outcomes, Rwanda implemented a major shift towards market driven skills development, a critical driver of economic transformation. The PSG has laid a solid foundation for improved processes and governance of skills development in Rwanda with a key focus on market relevance to improve employability through development of demand driven new/updated curriculum by the private sector/industry and academia; effective and efficient tracking and recovery of student loans; and support to the SDF to directly respond to market labor market segments and diverse groups of youths in Rwanda.
As Rwanda now enters the next phase, with new support from the World Bank through the Priority Skills for Growth and Youth Employment Project, it carries with it a blueprint for success: match training to real-world demand, build systems for inclusion and accountability, and invest in people as the country’s most valuable asset.
This feature comes from Seimane Diouf, Senior Program Assistant at the World Bank, who gratefully acknowledges and thanks the World Bank’s Ruth Karimi Charo (Senior Education Specialist, Program Task Team Leader), and Sergio Venegas Marin (Economist, Program Task Team Member) for their valuable guidance and contribution.
Read the original article on World Bank.
AllAfrica publishes around 500 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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Africa: How Kup Women for Peace Is Ending Conflict and Supporting Survivors of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence

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19 June marks International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in Conflict, a day to reflect on the impact of this heinous war crime and the need to stand with survivors to break the cycle of violence.
It also provides an opportunity to highlight the critical role of women in peacebuilding, and the need to invest in local civil society organizations working in communities to support survivors and prevent future conflict.
Below, President of Papua New Guinea’s Kup Women for Peace, Angela Apa, speaks about her decades of activism to end tribal conflict in Papua New Guinea and to address other forms of violence against women and girls. Kup Women for Peace is a community organization based in Simbu Province that works alongside formal and traditional structures of leadership to change attitudes about both violence and women’s roles in society.
Why are you called “Mama Angela”?
Because I treat everyone like my daughters and sons. When they have problems, they come to me for comfort. I share whatever I have with them, pray with them, counsel them. So they call me “Mama”, even the men.
How do women use their influence to broker peace between tribes but also within families?
That power comes from participating as a woman leader in the community. I do a lot of awareness on human rights and the laws affecting the rights of women and men. I explain that violence is stopping the development of the community. They realize that when there’s a lot of fighting and hatred, it’s not bringing development into their community or their family. It stops children from going to school, and that hinders prosperity in the community. Most of the time, I am their TV, their newsletter, their source of knowledge, so people trust our work. They respect the work that Kup Women for Peace is doing. The network in the Highlands is very strong. If I cannot solve a problem, I call another group and we have a case conference.
“Women and girls were being raped, cash crops and houses were being destroyed, and boys who should’ve been in school were killed because of tribal fighting.” – Angela Apa, President of Kup Women for Peace
How did you end the tribal conflict between your own tribe and others?
In 1999, we did a lot of groundwork. I had to walk from my tribe to my two enemy tribes, [and talk to] my enemy sisters, Agnes Sil and Mary Kini [co-founders of Kup Women for Peace]. Our men used to fight against each other and when we were children, we saw what was happening. Girls were being forced to marry the men with guns, women and girls were being raped in the trouble fighting, cash crops and houses were being destroyed, and boys who should’ve been in school were killed because of tribal fighting.
We made a grand survey walking from enemy tribe to enemy tribe. We said, “We will make peace”. One year we did awareness, then we did training on conflict resolution, peacebuilding and after this groundwork, we said, “Enemies are for men, not for us women”. We educated all the women, brought them all together and made a mass awareness campaign. All the enemy women from each tribe joined hands and said, “Who is the man who has the guts to fight us?” The men were not afraid, but they realized that we meant business.
A big reconciliation happened in 2000 and all the tribes came together. To this day, no fighting. If there’s going to be a fight, someone will call me, any time of the day or night, and I will call the police.
Please share your experience addressing sorcery-accusation related violence (SARV) in Papua New Guinea.
It’s like witchcraft. In the Highlands region, SARV is mostly done when somebody dies. If the leader in the community, or his wife or child dies, someone may accuse vulnerable men, women, children or even the whole family of sorcery. When they are accused, their houses are burned, sometimes they are bashed up. When that happens, they come to us and we put them in crisis support. We also refer them to the police station for legal action and we have a lawyer who writes their affidavit and helps them go to court.
“To this day, no fighting. If there’s going to be a fight, someone will call me.” – Ms. Apa
Is SARV usually directed at women?
Men are often not accused because they can fight back. But women – vulnerable mothers, widows who have no sons – they will be accused of sorcery. Vulnerable families, especially, who may not be financially [well off] but may be rich in land or resources. Through jealousy or if they want to get their property, perpetrators will accuse vulnerable people to get that land and resources.
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We try to save the survivor and put them in a secure place. If they’ve been beaten up, that may be the hospital, where we have a small area where they can be treated. After the case is referred to the justice system, we mediate – discussing with the police, the village court magistrates, village leaders, and both the perpetrator’s and the survivor’s family. We do a lot of advocacy around the laws against SARV.
How does Kup Women for Peace approach restorative justice?
If I take your coat, I have to restore it back. The damage is done, people are upset, but the house has to be rebuilt. We have a peacemaking custom called Brukim Sugar, which means “breaking sugar”. We have sugar cane in the villages that grows very tall. They cut it, and each side takes half. Now, sometimes we use Coca-Cola. We take one each, offer it to each other and then we share and drink. It’s a sign of peacemaking.
As told to Anne Fullerton. This interview has been edited for length and clarity.
Read the original article on Spotlight Initiative.
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