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Africa: Explainer – the World Health Organization's Pandemic Accord

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EXPLAINER: The World Health Organization’s pandemic accord
The Covid pandemic was one of the biggest public health crises in modern times. Concerned that the world was unprepared for the next pandemic, the World Health Organization, or WHO, began developing a treaty to guide countries in preventing, preparing for and responding to future pandemics.
The agreement is still being negotiated. Despite this the draft agreement has been the subject of much false information. For example, it is regularly claimed by its critics that the accord will strip countries of their sovereignty.
In January 2025, the US announced its withdrawal from the WHO. Newly elected president Donald Trump cited “the organisation’s mishandling of the Covid pandemic” as one of the main reasons.
In this explainer, we look at some facts about the treaty.
Founded in 1948, the WHO is the United Nation‘s health agency. It works with member states – countries that have signed a partnership agreement with the WHO – to achieve the highest standards of public health.
The World Health Assembly is the WHO’s decision-making body. It is responsible for setting global health policies, approving budgets, and overseeing the agency’s work. Delegates from each member state attend the WHO’s annual meeting to discuss and vote on topics prepared by its executive board.
The international health regulations, adopted in 1969, required member states to report infectious diseases detected within their borders. The regulations initially covered six diseases, and later three – yellow fever, plague and cholera.
The regulations were amended again in 2005 to include, among other updates, “a scope not limited to any specific disease or manner of transmission”.
“The international health regulations focus on public health emergencies of international concern,” Safura Abdool Karim, a public health lawyer and adjunct professor at Columbia University‘s Mailman School of Public Health in New York City, told Africa Check.
“They are a tool for managing the spread of disease and minimising disruption to trade,” she said.
The pandemic agreement, on the other hand, is more about “pathogen sharing, resources for preparedness and the development of medical countermeasures”. This includes, but is not limited to:
The accord was prompted by the impact of the Covid pandemic, which deepened economic inequality and burdened public health systems.
Health services were forced to focus on Covid-related issues while ignoring other equally serious illnesses, such as cancer and heart disease. Access to clean water, already a global challenge, became an even bigger issue, as good hygiene practices were key to avoiding infection.
The release of Covid vaccines further highlighted the disparities in resource availability. The term vaccine apartheid was widely used to describe the unequal distribution of vaccines, as high-income countries continued to control the rights to produce and distribute them.
Negotiators remain divided over some of the treaty’s terms, such as a system for pathogen access and benefits sharing that would see countries share technology and information on emerging disease threats.
While better surveillance can help, it also has risks. For example, when South African scientists discovered the Omicron variant of Covid-19 and shared their findings, the country faced harsh travel restrictions, even though the variant was already in other countries. The South African government said this was like punishing South Africa for its ability to quickly detect new variants.
Another question is how strong the treaty would be in ensuring that its terms were met. According to the WHO, once an international legal instrument is in force, it should be implemented in “good faith”. The current draft of the amendments shows that stronger legal language is being considered.
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“No accord is better than a weak accord,” Abdool Karim told Africa Check.
Misinformation about the treaty has also been a point of contention. The draft does not put the power of nations in the hands of the WHO, as has been claimed. On the contrary, it reaffirms “the principle of sovereignty of States Parties in addressing public health matters”.
Equally false are claims that the treaty will usher in the reign of a “New World Order” with one global government accountable to no one.
“The process to finalise the accord is ongoing,” Mijail Santos Luján, a communications officer at the WHO’s strategy, planning and coordination division, told Africa Check.
Santos Luján said that it was hoped the final draft would be ready in time for the 78th World Health Assembly in May 2025, where it would be presented to WHO member states for consideration.
This contradicts false claims that the treaty has been abandoned after public backlash.
Progress of the treaty negotiations can be followed on the WHO’s website.
Read the original story, with links and other resources.
Africa Check is a non-partisan organisation which promotes accuracy in public debate and in the media. Twitter @AfricaCheck and www.africacheck.org

AllAfrica publishes around 500 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa – aggregating, producing and distributing 500 news and information items daily from over 110 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC.
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Africa: Expanding Market Access – Unlocking New Opportunities for Entrepreneurs

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Sometimes, one opportunity is all it takes to change the trajectory of a business. For many women in the WCW Programme, 2024 has been a year of breakthroughs – where barriers gave way to bridges, and small businesses found space to grow.
Thanks to focused coaching and training, WCW entrepreneurs opened the door to over 10 new markets, generating opportunities valued at more than US$200,000. With tailored procurement support, they went even further – securing five supplier partnerships in Tanzania and seven in Zambia. These aren’t just numbers. They’re new deals signed, new shelves stocked, and new markets won.
Behind this progress is WCW’s strong belief in insight before action. Partnering with a leading service provider, the programme is helping entrepreneurs decode market trends, customer behaviours, and competitor landscapes. Through boot camps in six countries, women are now equipped with sharper strategies to position and promote their businesses like pros.
In the agriculture and agro-processing sectors, WCW is collecting critical data to pinpoint entry barriers, market concentrations, and competitive pressures. These insights are more than academic – they’re fuelling policy advocacy aimed at making it easier for small businesses to enter and thrive in high-potential sectors.
Support is also happening behind the scenes. WCW has brought in seasoned service providers to guide entrepreneurs in securing offtake agreements – particularly in agribusiness, where the potential to scale is massive. Plans to roll out a collective/aggregation model are also underway, giving smaller businesses the power to move together and tap into bigger supply chains.
Key Voices:
“The programme helped me focus on customer needs, allowing me to improve service delivery and expand my product range.”
— Participant from Tanzania
“The WCW-I programme has been helping me develop confidence, refine operations, and expand my market reach.”
— Participant from Zambia
With clearer pathways and stronger partnerships, WCW is showing what’s possible when entrepreneurs are given the tools – and the trust – to lead their own growth.
Read the original article on Graça Machel Trust.
AllAfrica publishes around 500 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
Articles and commentaries that identify allAfrica.com as the publisher are produced or commissioned by AllAfrica. To address comments or complaints, please Contact us.
AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa – aggregating, producing and distributing 500 news and information items daily from over 110 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC.
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US to ban artificial food dyes in cereals, snacks and beverages

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(BBC) US Health Secretary Robert F Kennedy Jr is set to announce a ban on certain artificial food dyes, according to a statement from the health agency.

Kennedy plans to announce the phasing out of petroleum-based synthetic dyes as a “major step forward in the Administration’s efforts to Make America Healthy Again” the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) said on Monday.

No exact dates for the changes were provided, but HHS said Kennedy would announce more details at a news conference on Tuesday.

The dyes – which are found in dozens of foods, including breakfast cereals, candy, snacks and beverages – have been linked to neurological problems in some children.

On the campaign trail alongside Donald Trump, Kennedy last year pledged to take on artificial food dyes as well as ultra-processed foods as a whole once confirmed to lead to top US health agency.

The move comes after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) earlier this year banned one dye, Red Dye 3, from US food and pharmaceuticals starting in 2027, citing its link to cancer in animal studies. California banned the dye in 2023.

Most artificially coloured foods are made with synthetic petroleum-based chemicals, according to nutrition nonprofit Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI).

Some of the petroleum-based food dyes include Blue 1, used in candy and baked goods; Red 40, used in soda, candy, pastries and pet food; and Yellow 6, also used in baked goods and drinks. Synthetic food dyes are found in dozens of popular foods including M&M’s, Gatorade, Kool-Aid and Skittles.

The only purpose of the artificial food dyes is to “make food companies money”, said Dr Peter Lurie, a former FDA official and the president of CSPI.

“Food dyes help make ultra-processed foods more attractive, especially to children, often by masking the absence of a colorful ingredient, like fruit,” he said. “We don’t need synthetic dyes in the food supply, and no one will be harmed by their absence.”

Companies have found ways to eliminate many of the dyes in other countries, including Britain and New Zealand, said former New York University nutrition professor Marion Nestle.

For example, in Canada, Kellogg uses natural food dyes like carrot and watermelon juice to colour Froot Loops cereal, despite using artificial dyes in the US.

How harmful the synthetic dyes are is debatable, said Ms Nestle.

“They clearly cause behavioural problems for some – but by no means all – children, and are associated with cancer and other diseases in animal studies,” she said.

“Enough questions have been raised about their safety to justify getting rid of them, especially because it’s no big deal to do so,” she added. “Plenty of non-petroleum alternative dyes exist and are in use.”

In 2008, British health ministers agreed to phase out six artificial food colourings by 2009, while the European Union bans some colourings and requires warning labels on others.

In recent months, Kennedy’s food-dye ban has found momentum in several state legislatures. West Virginia banned synthetic dyes and preservatives in food last month, while similar bills have been introduced in other states.

The post US to ban artificial food dyes in cereals, snacks and beverages appeared first on ZNBC-Just for you.

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Africa: Captain Ibrahim Traoré – the Soldier Selling Africa False Hope

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Traoré’s anti-democratic posture is not a blueprint for development — it is a calculated strategy to entrench military rule under the guise of a populist revolution.
What Traoré is selling is not a radical reimagining of governance. It is an age-old authoritarian tactic: discredit democracy, invoke national pride, and suppress dissent — all while consolidating power… Since assuming power through a 2022 coup, Traoré has suspended political parties, cracked down on the press, and muzzled civil society organisations. He claims these actions defend national sovereignty and promote a “popular, progressive revolution.”
Clad in fatigues and fluent in fiery rhetoric, Captain Ibrahim Traoré of Burkina Faso has emerged as a poster child of a new wave of African populism. To his supporters, he is a revolutionary — bold, youthful, and principled.
To the disillusioned youth across the continent, he offers a seductive promise: progress without the inconveniences of democracy. But behind the revolutionary slogans and Sankara-inspired aesthetics lies a far less romantic reality.
Traoré’s anti-democratic posture is not a blueprint for development — it is a calculated strategy to entrench military rule under the guise of a populist revolution. Let us be clear, Africa has every right to interrogate the forms and functions of democracy on the continent.
For decades, many African states have endured dysfunctional governance, hollow elections, and endemic corruption — even under democratically elected leaders. But that frustration must not be manipulated into legitimising authoritarianism.
What Traoré is selling is not a radical reimagining of governance. It is an age-old authoritarian tactic: discredit democracy, invoke national pride, and suppress dissent — all while consolidating power.
Since assuming power through a 2022 coup, Traoré has suspended political parties, cracked down on the press, and muzzled civil society organisations. He claims these actions defend national sovereignty and promote a “popular, progressive revolution.”
But there is little “popular” about a regime that stifles dissent and sidelines citizen participation. Beneath the rhetoric, his governance follows a familiar authoritarian script: glorify the military, delegitimise the opposition, and centralise authority.
His framing of democracy as a Western construct is both lazy and intellectually dishonest. Democracy is not a Western invention — it is a universal aspiration. It is not perfect — no system is — but it provides tools for accountability, the protection of rights, and peaceful transitions of power.
Traoré’s assertion that no country has developed under democracy ignores glaring counterexamples: India, Indonesia, Botswana, Mauritius, and even South Africa — imperfect democracies that have made tangible developmental progress.
Democracy is not the enemy of progress; bad leadership is. Traoré frequently cites China and Rwanda as models of authoritarian success. But cherry-picking these exceptions while ignoring the graveyard of failed autocracies is deeply misleading.
For every China, there are countless Zimbabwes, Sudans, and Libyas — nations brought to their knees by unchecked power. Even China’s economic gains have come at great human cost: widespread censorship, suppression of dissent, and the erosion of personal freedoms — trade-offs many Africans are neither willing nor ready to accept.
In truth, Traoré’s appeal is more symbolic than substantive. His military garb, rejection of Western aid, and Pan-Africanist slogans serve a performative function — designed to project the image of a revolutionary, while masking the repressive nature of his regime.
It is political theatre, expertly staged for a generation hungry for change but jaded by the failures of democracy. And let us not be fooled by his youth or populist flair. Africa has seen this movie before.
From Mobutu in Zaire to Mengistu in Ethiopia, the continent’s post-independence history is littered with military strongmen who promised renewal but delivered repression. They all began with charismatic appeals and revolutionary fervour.
They all ended with censorship, violence, and economic ruin. Traoré’s growing popularity among young Africans — many of whom have no memory of the brutality of past military regimes — is understandable, but dangerous.
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Disillusionment with democracy should fuel reform, not nostalgia for dictatorship. Africa does not need another soldier-saviour. It needs strong institutions, functional systems, and an empowered citizenry — not one infantilised by authoritarian paternalism.
If Captain Traoré is genuinely committed to African sovereignty and development, let him invest in institution-building. Let him empower an independent judiciary, uphold press freedom, invest in civic education, and be accountable to the people — not just through speeches, but through action.
Anything less is not leadership — it is manipulation. The truth is, democracy does not fail because it is un-African. It fails when it is hijacked by corrupt elites, undermined by weak institutions, and eroded by poverty and exclusion.
The solution is not to discard democracy — but to fix it, to deepen it, to make it real. That is the only sustainable path to development, dignity, and self-determination.
Umar Farouk Bala writes from Abuja. He can be reached via: umarfaroukofficial@gmail.com.
Read the original article on Premium Times.
AllAfrica publishes around 500 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
Articles and commentaries that identify allAfrica.com as the publisher are produced or commissioned by AllAfrica. To address comments or complaints, please Contact us.
AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa – aggregating, producing and distributing 500 news and information items daily from over 110 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC.
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