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Africa: Industrial Scale Farming Is Flawed – What Ecologically-Friendly Farming Practices Could Look Like in Africa

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African Perspectives on Agroecology is a new book with 33 contributions from academics, non-governmental organisations, farmer organisations and policy makers. It is free to download, and reviewers have described it as a “must read for all who care about the future of Africa and its people”. The book outlines how agroecology, which brings ecological principles into farming practices and food systems, can solve food shortages and environmental damage caused by mass, commercial farming. We asked the book’s editor and the South African Research Chair on Environmental and Social Dimensions of the Bio-economy, Rachel Wynberg, to set out why this book is so important.
What’s wrong with the current system of food production?
The dominant model of modern agriculture in the world is based on monoculture, where one crop is grown across large areas using chemical fertilisers and pesticides. It relies on seeds that are owned by big corporations and are often subsidised by governments at a high cost.
The book outlines how this approach to growing food is flawed. Firstly, it carries major costs. According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation’s State of Food and Agriculture 2024 report, the costs of diet-related disease, hunger and malnutrition and other costs amount to about US$8 trillion a year. Countries in the global south carry much of the burden.
Secondly, the current approach is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. This happens through deforestation and land degradation, livestock and fertiliser emissions, energy use, and the globalised nature of agriculture. Food is often produced far from where it is consumed.
Huge farmlands also wipe out biodiversity and degrade one third of all soils, globally. Industrial agriculture has many negative impacts on ecosystem health, livestock and human wellbeing.
What’s the alternative?
Agroecology is a good alternative. It uses natural processes such as fixing nitrogen in the soil by planting legumes, and conserving natural habitat to encourage beneficial predators that keep pests in check. It includes planting a diversity of crops, rather than just one, to prevent pest outbreaks, and avoiding synthetic pesticides and herbicides.
Agroecology places importance on building natural, local, economically viable and socially just food systems. It aims to support farmers and rural communities.
Read more: Africa’s worsening food crisis – it’s time for an agricultural revolution
As a result, it fosters more equal social relations and improves food and nutritional security.
Agroecology also recognises local ways of knowing and doing things, and respects the rights of Indigenous people to seeds and plants that they have planted for many generations. Transforming research and education are an important part of agroecology.
What are the advantages?
Agroecology increases the capacity of farming systems to adapt to climate change. Studies show how agroecology increases crop yields, regulates water and nutrients, increases agricultural diversity and reduces pests.
It gives farmers more choice about what to grow and eat. This enables them to produce a wider variety of healthy food.
Can agroecology grow enough food for everyone?
Agroecology can be scaled up through:
Read more: Indigenous plants and food security: a South African case study
What needs to be done?
Urgent actions are needed, especially in the climate “hotspot” of sub-Saharan Africa. Agroecology needs supportive policies and funding. South Africa has had a draft agroecology strategy for more than 10 years but this has not yet been adopted.
Development aid for farmers often undermines agroecology. It typically promotes a “new” African Green Revolution that uses hybrid seeds, agrochemicals, new technologies, and links to markets. However, hybrid seed, especially genetically modified seed, can contaminate local seed systems that are better adapted to local conditions.
The book illustrates what can go wrong. Maize is said to have “modernised” development and promoted foreign investment in Africa. But it has displaced indigenous crops such as sorghum and millet which are more nutritious and drought-resistant.
Read more: Amazing ting: South Africa must reinvigorate sorghum as a key food before it’s lost
Subsidy programmes and state support for hybrid maize also back multinational agrochemical and seed companies.
Governments, industry and those funding research, innovation and consumer marketing must actively move away from a maize culture and invest in a bigger range of crops.
For millions of smallholder African farmers, there is a deep understanding of how animals, plants, soil, people and weather patterns are connected to and affect one another. Agricultural development programmes, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, and herbicides, and genetically modified seeds disrupt these relationships. They can devalue local knowledge and skills in favour of “expert”-led innovations. This means that farmers lose their capacity to understand their environment and their ability to react appropriately.
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Read more: Agriculture training in South Africa badly needs an overhaul. Here are some ideas
Lastly, agriculture research and training needs to be rethought. Research and development is now mostly shaped by market-led approaches that favour crops grown by large-scale commercial farmers. A public sector research and development agenda for agroecology needs to be developed. It should be based both on scientific knowledge as well as traditional and local knowledge.
What would help?
Agricultural research should be co-created by everyone involved. Farmer-led research and innovation can support food system transformations.
New ways of seeing and doing research are evolving. Western scientific and traditional knowledges are mixing in ways that can transform farming. Our book points out that social movements are emerging as a powerful force for change.
We hope to support these efforts through a new, four year, European Union supported initiative to establish a research and training network: the Research for Agroecology Network in Southern Africa. New agroecology knowledge networks in South Africa and Zimbabwe have also been started to coordinate research and develop curricula.
Rachel Wynberg, Professor and DST/NRF Bio-economy Research Chair, University of Cape Town
This article is republished from The Conversation Africa under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
AllAfrica publishes around 400 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa – aggregating, producing and distributing 400 news and information items daily from over 110 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC.
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Africa: New Dawn for Health Security and Sovereignty in Africa As Stakeholders Convene At Manufacturing Forum

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The 2nd Vaccine and Other Health Products Manufacturing Forum, organized by Africa CDC, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, the Regionalized Vaccine Manufacturing Collaborative (RVMC), and the Unified Procurement Authority of Egypt (UPA), has concluded in Cairo, Egypt. The three-day forum convened African Union (AU) Ministers of Health, Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Development Finance Institutions (DFIs), African vaccine manufacturers, policymakers, regulatory authorities, and international partners to discuss strategies to accelerate the development of a sustainable vaccine and health products manufacturing ecosystem in Africa.
The stakeholders reviewed progress, opportunities, and strategies to remove barriers that have held back regional manufacturing in the past, such as reforms to the region’s regulatory environment, continental demand and access to finance.
Key milestones since the 1st Manufacturers Marketplace for Vaccine Manufacturing, held in Morocco in 2023, Africa’s health products manufacturing sector has made significant progress, including:
A Collaborative Effort towards Self-Reliance
“Today’s meeting represents another step forward in Africa’s journey toward health security. At Gavi, we are committed to playing our role in this multisectoral effort to invest and build capacity across the value chain. Building a sustainable vaccine and health products manufacturing ecosystem would not only help meet the continent’s health needs, it would also deliver economic growth and enable African nations to take charge of their health futures,” said Dr Sania Nishtar, Chief Executive Officer of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance.
“Africa’s health security depends on our ability to manufacture the vaccines and health products we need right here on the continent. By strengthening regulatory frameworks, securing sustainable financing, developing and fostering strategic partnerships, we are laying the foundation for a self-sufficient manufacturing ecosystem. Africa CDC remains committed to advancing this agenda, ensuring that no country is left behind in the pursuit of health sovereignty and security,” said H.E. Dr. Jean Kaseya, Director-General, Africa CDC.
“RVMC is proud to co-host this event with our esteemed partners. While the world may not feel unified at present, the actions and ambitions from this year’s forum pave the way for achieving Regionalized Vaccine Manufacturing on the African continent, thereby improving vaccine equity and health security for all. Progress will require bold leadership and innovative ideas, but RVMC is energized by the enthusiasm of this forum,” said Dr Frederik Kristensen, Managing Director of the Regionalized Vaccine Manufacturing Collaborative.
“This forum is a testament to our collective determination to build a resilient, self-reliant, and sustainable healthcare ecosystem for our continent. It takes place at a crucial time, amidst significant milestones that are reshaping Africa’s health manufacturing landscape,” said Dr Hisham Stait, Chairman of UPA
While challenges such as market fragmentation, financing gaps, and workforce shortages persist, Africa’s pharmaceutical industry holds immense potential to serve its 1.4 billion people effectively. The forum reaffirmed the commitment of stakeholders to address these barriers and accelerate efforts toward a resilient, self-sufficient health products manufacturing ecosystem in Africa.
Notes to Editors:
Communique from inaugural forum: Inaugural Ministerial Working Group Meeting at the First Manufacturers Marketplace for African Union Member States on the proposed Legal Instrument for the adoption of the African Union Pooled Procurement Mechanism
About Partners
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC)
The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) is a public health agency of the African Union. It is autonomous and supports member states in strengthening health systems. It also works to improve disease surveillance, emergency response, and disease control.
Learn more at: http://www.africacdc.org and connect with us on LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook and YouTube.
Learn more about: Partnerships for African Vaccine Manufacturing Framework for Action
Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance is a public-private partnership that works to vaccinate more than half the world’s children against some of the world’s deadliest diseases. The Vaccine Alliance brings together developing countries and donor governments, the World Health Organization, UNICEF, the World Bank, the vaccine industry, technical agencies, civil society, the Gates Foundation and other private sector partners. View the full list of donor governments and other leading organisations that fund Gavi’s work.
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Learn more at www.gavi.org and connect with us on Facebook and X (Twitter).
Regionalized Vaccine Manufacturing Collaborative
In 2022, the World Economic Forum (WEF), the US National Academies of Medicine (NAM), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) launched the Regionalized Vaccine Manufacturing Collaborative (RVMC) with support from various partners. After a successful incubation at WEF, the RVMC Secretariat is now hosted by CEPI. The initiative aims to achieve global vaccine equity and health security through regional manufacturing and supply chain networks, ensuring readiness for future outbreaks. RVMC operates across Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and South-East Asia, working to align, advocate, advise and coordinate efforts among partners toward regional vaccine manufacturing. Learn more at www.rvmc.net and connect with us on LinkedIn.
UPA
The Egyptian Authority for Unified Procurement, Medical Supply, and Management of Medical Technology (UPA) is a governmental organization dedicated to promoting and developing Egypt’s healthcare system. Its role includes ensuring the supply of health technology products, combating monopolistic practices, and supporting industry growth by procuring pharmaceuticals, medical supplies and equipment for the public sector. This contributes to improving the overall health of patients in Egypt.
Read the original article on Africa CDC.
AllAfrica publishes around 500 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
Articles and commentaries that identify allAfrica.com as the publisher are produced or commissioned by AllAfrica. To address comments or complaints, please Contact us.
AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa – aggregating, producing and distributing 500 news and information items daily from over 110 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC.
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Africa: Reimagining Health Financing in Africa – Navigating the Aftermath of the U.S. WHO Withdrawal

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The United States’ withdrawal from the World Health Organization (WHO) and 90-day pause in foreign aid programmes following President Donald Trump’s re-election have sparked a global health debate. While critics warn that this decision threatens Universal Health Coverage (UHC), the commitment to ‘leave no one behind’ others see an opportunity for Africa to accelerate its vision of a new public health order focused on self-sufficiency.
Could this geopolitical development catalyse a paradigm shift, with African health systems moving from donor-dependency towards self-reliance, thereby strengthening the region’s health security and contribution to global health?
Progress toward achieving UHC, a guarantee that populations have access to quality health services without financial hardship, has been disturbingly off track. The “Tracking Universal Health Coverage: 2023 Global Monitoring Report” paints a bleak picture: 4.5 billion people globally cannot access affordable, quality care when they need it. Even worse, 2 billion people face financial hardship, with 1.3 billion of them being pushed into poverty by out-of-pocket health expenses.
For developing countries with poorly funded healthcare systems and high dependency on foreign aid for critical health programmes -such as Tuberculosis, Malaria, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS- the funding cut or reduction from the United States could pose an even more pressing global health issue.
However, while it exposes vulnerabilities in donor-dependent systems, it also presents a timely opportunity to reimagine and strengthen health sovereignty aligned with the new public health order. This will require a whole-of-society approach, driven by strong political commitment and civil society participation.
2025 and the global health financing landscape
The U.S., the WHO’s largest funder, has driven life-saving global health initiatives, including the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), which saved 26 million lives and enabled 5.5 million HIV-free births. With over $640 billion spent in foreign aid from 2012 to 2022, its withdrawal threatens global health diplomacy and sparks opposition. Legal experts have argued that President Trump cannot unilaterally exit the WHO without congressional approval, as the U.S. joined through a 1948 joint resolution. Congress is now pursuing measures to block the move, underscoring the WHO’s indispensable role in global health security.
Image credit: Nigeria Health Watch
In response to the U.S. pause on foreign aid and retreat from the Paris Agreement, the WHO plans to reassess costs, urging the international community to pursue innovative financing. While philanthropic groups are pledging to address the funding gap, with emerging economies like BRICS nations potentially stepping up, their efforts must extend beyond financial support to include technical collaboration and knowledge sharing.
Time to focus on the African response?
This recent geopolitical shift exposes the vulnerabilities of Africa’s heavy reliance on foreign aid to realise its commitment to UHC, underscoring the urgent need to “not let this crisis go to waste” by strengthening health sovereignty.
Africa’s proactive response to COVID-19 demonstrated its capacity for regional coordination and innovation. Initiatives such as the African Vaccine Acquisition Task Team (AVATT) and the Africa Medical Supplies Platform (AMSP) highlighted the continent’s commitment to self-reliance. However, the pandemic also exposed deep vulnerabilities, including the overdependence on external sources for critical medical supplies, with less than 1% of vaccines manufactured locally.
In response, countries including Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, Senegal, South Africa, Uganda, and Rwanda initiated steps to boost local vaccine production, with Nigeria more recently, initiating policy measures to unlock its healthcare value chain. Speaking at the 2025 World Economic Forum, Kashim Shettima, Nigeria’s Vice President reiterated the need for Africa to move beyond foreign aid and embrace partnerships rooted in equality and self-reliance. Similarly, Dr. Jean Kaseya, Africa CDC Director General, emphasised the need for domestic resource mobilisation, in the wake of the geopolitical shift. He stated that “I’m glad to announce that our Heads of State will meet on the 14th of February in Addis Ababa to discuss domestic resources for Africa and how to provide appropriate funding to Africa CDC and African Medicine Agency.”
Africa’s new public health order, introduced in 2021, provides a framework to consolidate these gains, by focusing on institutional strengthening, local manufacturing, and increase in domestic financing for health. However, achieving health sovereignty goes beyond financial independence — it demands the capacity to design, implement, and sustain programmes tailored to Africa’s unique contexts.
Collaborative path forward: Role of civil society organisations
Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) are indispensable allies in advancing UHC goals, serving as watchdogs and bridges between underserved communities and policymakers. U.S.-funded CSOs, whose work directly impacts vulnerable populations, were abruptly told to halt operations, disrupting essential health interventions. In response, swift, and strategic advocacy efforts led to a life-saving waiver on emergency services from the U.S States Department, demonstrating that decision-makers recognised the potential harm of an outright freeze.
Image credit: Nigeria Health Watch
In Nigeria, the Federal Executive Council approved ₦4.8 billion for HIV/AIDS treatment and formed a multi-ministerial committee to sustain health programs impacted by U.S. policy shifts. This signals a move toward domestic health financing, creating a pivotal moment for CSOs to advocate for sustainable funding, transparency, and efficiency. Seizing this opportunity, the Nigeria UHC Forum — a coalition of indigenous CSOs — is moving to explore resilient financing pathways amid donor uncertainty, by convening a health financing policy dialogue this month.
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CSOs in Nigeria have demonstrated their capacity to shape impactful health reforms. The Health Sector Reform Coalition, for instance, led the development of the Basic Health Care Provision Fund Accountability Framework, ensuring transparency in the allocation and use of ₦12.9 billion earmarked for the fund. Similarly, advocacy by CSOs like the Centre for Social Justice catalysed the 2022 passage of the National Health Insurance Act, marking a critical moment in expanding access to health insurance and reinforcing Nigeria’s commitment to leave no one behind.
In light of shifting global dynamics, CSOs must take on an even more transformative role to reimagine Africa’s health systems, holding leaders accountable for their pledge of allocating 15% of their total expenditure to health, while fostering accountability, driving innovation, and amplifying local voices.
Read the original article on Nigeria Health Watch.
AllAfrica publishes around 500 reports a day from more than 110 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
Articles and commentaries that identify allAfrica.com as the publisher are produced or commissioned by AllAfrica. To address comments or complaints, please Contact us.
AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa – aggregating, producing and distributing 500 news and information items daily from over 110 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC.
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4,500 teachers’ selection process ends next week

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By Mary Kachepa

The Teaching Service Commission- TSC- says the selection process for the recruitment of 4,500 teachers will be completed next week.

TSC Chairperson, DAPHNE CHIMUKA says Provincial and District education Officials are currently in Chilanga District were the selection process is underway.

Ms CHIMUKA says the selection process started two weeks ago.

She told ZNBC News in an interview that the teachers are being selected according to the needs of each District.

Ms. CHIMUKA said the teachers are being selected using the data base from the applicants that applied last year.

She said the recruitment of 4,500 teachers is budgeted for.

The post 4,500 teachers’ selection process ends next week appeared first on ZNBC-Just for you.

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