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Africa: This Year Saw Most of the World Repressed – but in Civil Society There Is Hope
Published
1 year agoon
By
An24 Africa
New York — Today is International Human Rights Day, Normally, it should be an occasion to celebrate the work of those who strive to create peaceful, just, equal and sustainable societies. But conditions for human rights defenders and their organisations to operate freely are extremely challenging around the world.
Almost three quarters of the world’s people live in states that severely constrain civic freedoms. These are the latest findings from the CIVICUS Monitor, a cross-continental research collaboration between over twenty civil society organisations.
Despite enormous technological and cultural advancements claimed by humankind the overwhelming majority of the world’s population are being actively denied agency to shape the decisions that impact their lives. Major restrictions in law and practice on the fundamental civic freedoms of peaceful assembly, association and expression are putting journalists and civil society activists at serious risk of persecution when they expose high level corruption or critique the actions of powerful decision makers.
Civic space conditions in some 30 countries where over a quarter of the world’s population live are so poor that even the slightest hint of dissent against those who hold power can get one thrown into prison for a long time or even killed. Such countries include Afghanistan, China, Cuba, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Sudan among others.
This year, Eswatini, Ethiopia and the Occupied Palestinian Territories of Gaza and the West Bank have been downgraded to the worst ‘closed’ rating on the CIVICUS Monitor due to an acceleration in repression there.
As a human rights defender it worries me that countries with proud histories of resisting colonial oppression and with hard won constitutional commitments to democratic principles such as India, Kenya, Mexico and the Philippines have ended up being placed in the second worst ‘repressed’ category on the CIVICUS Monitor.
As a development advocate who campaigned for the adoption of an ambitious set of universal Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, it concerns me that governments are deliberately limiting the ability of civil society organisations to work with them to create more equal and fairer societies.
Civic space restrictions negatively impact the quest for transparency, accountability and participation in public affairs. The Sustainable Development Goals include guarantees on access to information and fundamental freedoms as well as on responsive, inclusive and participatory decision making, which are essential for public spirited individuals and organisations to push for transformative changes in the political, social and economic spheres.
But CIVICUS Monitor researchers have recorded thousands of restrictions on the freedom of expression in 2024 including physical attacks on journalists and civil society activists merely for doing their work in the public interest.
Atefeh Rangriz, a defender of worker’s and women’s rights in Iran is currently languishing in prison on trumped up national security related charges. Guatemalan journalist Jose Ruben Zamora continues to be persecuted through the courts for exposing deep networks of patronage that exist among political and economic elites in that country.
Their cases are illustrative of the enormous challenge of thousands of journalists and civil society activists unjustly imprisoned around the world in countries as disparate as Belarus, Egypt, Israel and Vietnam.
The most recent CIVICUS Monitor Watchlist, released this September, draws attention to deterioration in civic space conditions in Argentina, Azerbaijan, Thailand and Zimbabwe, all of which are ruled by erratic authoritarian leaders. Because global civic space conditions are so challenging, including in several powerful states, the appetite of the international community to consistently call out flagrant violations of international law standards has been severely hamstrung in recent times.
It’s thus absurd that Azerbaijan, a petrostate with closed civic space, hosted the COP29 climate summit this year in an attempt to greenwash its reputation. The previous two COP summits were held in countries with equally appalling records: United Arab Emirates and Egypt. The election of Donald Trump, an avowed supporter of the fossil fuel industry, as the next president of the United States does not portend well for climate causes or for civic freedoms given his adulation for authoritarian leaders.
Climate justice, environmental and land rights activists are facing persecution in far too many countries for exercising their right to peaceful assembly. Earlier this year, five Just Stop Oil activists received sentences ranging from four to five years in prison in the United Kingdom for planning a non-violent protest action by blocking a motorway in 2022.
In Uganda, protestors were arrested merely for seeking to deliver a petition to the authorities outlining the adverse effects of an oil project including environmental degradation, land loss and violations of community rights. In September, Juan López, Honduran community leader and advocate for the rights of the Guapinol River, was assassinated despite calls for his protection.
Just as anti-apartheid protestors faced pushback in the 1980s, artists, students and academics have been targeted in several western democracies for advocating for the rights and dignity of the Palestinian people. It’s now forbidden to wear a keffiyeh within Canada’s Ontario state’s legislative assembly and there have been attempts to censor pro-Palestinian groups in Germany, the Netherlands and the USA. In Australia, four writers who had publicly opposed Israel’s war on Gaza had their workshops’ contracts terminated with the State Library of Victoria.
Nearly 10% of the total civic space violations documented globally in 2024 by CIVICUS Monitor researchers either took place in the Occupied Palestinian Territories or were perpetrated against those expressing solidarity with the Palestinian people. Despite this, throughout 2024 people continued to pour out onto the streets to express solidarity with beleaguered Palestinians. This in itself is extraordinary.
Even if global civic space conditions were mostly unwelcoming this year, civil society actions led to some remarkable victories for rights and justice. Greece became the first overwhelmingly Christian Orthodox country to legalise same-sex marriage while recognising the rights of same sex couples to adopt children. Thailand broke ground in Southeast Asia by passing a marriage equality bill in May 2024, making it the first country in the region to legalise same-sex marriage.
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In the Czech Republic, civil society efforts led to a landmark reform in rape laws, now classifying any non-consensual sexual act as rape, removing the need for proof of force and strengthening protections for victims. In Kazakhstan, in response to a high-profile murder trial, lawmakers swiftly introduced new legislation that re-established criminal penalties for battery and enhanced protections for domestic violence survivors.
In Poland, a bill passed in February 2024 made emergency contraception accessible without a prescription, reversing a restrictive 2017 law and marking a significant win for womens’ rights over their bodies.
Moreover, people continued to exercise their protest rights across the globe this year. In Bangladesh, the longstanding oppressive government led by Sheikh Hasina was forced to step down following persistent public demonstrations against its regressive actions. In Venezuela, people outvoted the incumbent authoritarian government of Nicholas Maduro at the polls but his regime ended up rigging the election results. However, this doesn’t mean the struggle for democracy in Venezuela has been permanently suppressed.
“The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice,” said Dr.Martin Luther King Jr. As these examples show, despite pervasive repression, the impulse to overcome oppression remains alive. Gains made through sustained civil society resistance through 2024 offer us hope that no matter how powerful autocratic forces may be, there will always be an undercurrent of civil society ready to weather the storm and strive for a better world for all.
Mandeep S. Tiwana is the Interim Co-Secretary General. CIVICUS, the global civil society alliance.
Read the original article on IPS.
AllAfrica publishes around 600 reports a day from more than 100 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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Local
Africa: Age Restrictions Alone Won't Keep Children Safe Online
Published
3 hours agoon
December 11, 2025By
An24 Africa
New York — Statement by UNICEF as countries move to introduce social media bans for children
“Across the globe, governments are debating how young is “too young” to use social media, with some introducing age-related restrictions across platforms.
“These restrictions reflect genuine concern: children are facing bullying, exploitation, and exposure to harmful content online with negative impacts on their mental health and well-being. The status quo is failing children and overwhelming families.
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“While UNICEF welcomes the growing commitment to children’s online safety, social media bans come with their own risks, and they may even backfire.
“Social media is not a luxury – for many children, especially those who are isolated or marginalised, it is a lifeline providing access to learning, connection, play, and self-expression. What’s more, many children and young people will still access social media, whether through workarounds, shared devices, or turning to less regulated platforms, ultimately making it harder to protect them.
“Age restrictions must be part of a broader approach that protects children from harm, respects their rights to privacy and participation, and avoids pushing them into unregulated, less safe spaces. Regulation should not be a substitute for platforms investing in child safety. Laws introducing age restrictions are not an alternative to companies improving platform design and content moderation.
“UNICEF calls on governments, regulators, and companies to work with children and families to build digital environments that are safe, inclusive, and respect children’s rights. This includes:
Governments must ensure that age-related laws and regulations do not replace companies’ obligations to invest in safer platform design, as well as effective content moderation, and should mandate companies to take responsibility by proactively identifying and addressing adverse impacts on children’s rights.
Social media and tech companies must redesign products with child safety and well-being at the centre, invest in safer platform design and effective content moderation, and develop rights-respecting age-assurance tools and differentiated experiences that offer younger users safer, developmentally appropriate environments. These protections must apply in all contexts, including fragile or conflict-affected countries where institutional capacity to regulate and enforce protections may be low.
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Regulators must have systemic measures to effectively prevent and mitigate online harm experienced by children.
Civil society and partners must amplify the voices and lived experiences of children, young people, parents, and caregivers in debates on social media age limits. Decisions around how to best protect children in a digital age must be informed by quality evidence, including evidence coming directly from children.
Parents and caregivers should be supported with improved digital literacy – they have a crucial role but currently are being asked to do the impossible to protect their children online: monitor platforms they didn’t design, police algorithms they can’t see, and manage dozens of apps around the clock.
“UNICEF is committed to continuing our work for and with children, young people and families to ensure legislation, regulations and technology design reflects children’s views, needs and rights. We stand ready to work with governments, business and communities to ensure every child can safely learn, connect, and thrive in the digital age.”
Read the original article on Unicef.
AllAfrica publishes around 600 reports a day from more than 120 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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Africa: All of Africa Today – December 10, 2025
Published
6 hours agoon
December 11, 2025By
An24 Africa
Sudan’s Militia Chief Gets 20-Year Sentence for Darfur Atrocities
The International Criminal Court (ICC) sentenced Sudanese militia leader Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman, known as Ali Kushayb, to 20 years in prison for atrocities committed during the Darfur civil war more than two decades ago. Kushayb had been convicted in October on 27 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity in the Darfur region. He had been a leader of the Janjaweed, a government-backed militia responsible for killing hundreds of thousands of people and terrorising non-Arab communities in Darfur between 2003 and 2004. During his trial, survivors recounted villages being burned, men and boys being slaughtered, and women being forced into sexual slavery. Judge Joanna Korner said Kushayb not only ordered these crimes but personally carried out some, describing his actions as aimed at “wiping out and sweeping away” non-Arab tribes. The ICC said that the sentence served both retribution and deterrence, particularly given the ongoing violence in Darfur, where many former Janjaweed fighters now operate within the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Despite the conviction, most victims remain displaced, and outstanding warrants still target other Sudanese officials, including former President Omar al-Bashir.
President Calls for Unity as Criticism of Crackdown on Activists Mounts
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Tanzanian President Dr. Samia Suluhu Hassan urged citizens to uphold peace, unity, and solidarity as the nation marks 64 years of independence, granting clemency to more than a thousand prisoners. In a message on social media, she said that the benefits of freedom are still evident and reminded Tanzanians of their responsibility to protect national values. The government cancelled traditional Independence Day celebrations as officials sought to prevent protests called in response to alleged killings and disappearances after October’s disputed presidential election. The United Nations estimates hundreds were killed, while opposition groups claim more than 1,000 deaths. The government imposed a five-day internet shutdown and has not released an official death toll. The tension stems from the October 29 presidential election, in which President Samia Suluhu Hassan was declared the winner with 98% of the vote – a result opposition parties immediately rejected as fraud after the disqualification of their key candidates.
Burkina Faso Says Nigerian Jet Violated Airspace
Eleven Nigerian military officers were briefly detained in Burkina Faso after their Air Force C-130 aircraft made an emergency landing in Bobo-Dioulasso due to a technical problem. The plane had entered Burkinabè airspace without prior authorisation, according to Burkina Faso’s Territorial Administration Minister. In a joint statement, the military governments of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger said their prompt investigation confirmed the “violation of its airspace and the sovereignty of its member states”. The Nigerian Air Force said the landing followed safety procedures, and all crew and passengers received cordial treatment and were later allowed to return to Nigeria. Analysts linked the incident to Nigeria’s deployment of troops and aircraft to Benin after a failed coup, noting that Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger had withdrawn from ECOWAS earlier this year and distanced themselves from Western allies while forging closer ties with Russia.
South African Clinic Staff Accused of Exploiting Immigrants for Medication
The Gauteng High Court ordered the government and police to act against “xenophobic vigilantes” blocking immigrants from accessing healthcare at Johannesburg clinics. Despite the ruling, immigrants report being extorted by clinic staff, sometimes working with members of Operation Dudula, who demand payment for access to ARVs, chronic medications, prenatal care, and immunisations. At Spartan, Jeppe, and Yeoville clinics, immigrants have paid hundreds of rand to secure their medicines, while others are turned away or left without treatment. Advocates warn that many have defaulted on HIV and chronic treatments, putting lives at risk. While the national health department said it was unaware of extortion and requested evidence for investigation, affected immigrants and civil society groups are calling for urgent intervention to stop the exploitation.
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Iain Douglas-Hamilton, Founder of Save the Elephants, Dies
Dr. Iain Douglas-Hamilton, the celebrated Scottish zoologist and pioneering elephant researcher who founded Save the Elephants, has died in Nairobi at the age of 83. Douglas-Hamilton spent decades studying African elephants, exposing the devastating effects of poaching, and campaigning for the international ban on the ivory trade. Prince William praised the zoologist as “a man who dedicated his life to conservation and whose life’s work leaves a lasting impact on our appreciation for, and understanding of, elephants”. Founder of Save the Elephants in 1993, he became a world-leading expert on elephant behaviour, documenting herds so closely that he could identify individuals by their ears and wrinkles. Despite facing life-threatening challenges from wildlife, poachers, and natural disasters, he remained committed to raising awareness of the ivory crisis and promoting human-elephant coexistence. He is survived by his wife Oria, children Saba and Dudu, and six grandchildren.
AllAfrica publishes around 600 reports a day from more than 120 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.
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Africa: All of Africa Today – December 11, 2025
Published
8 hours agoon
December 11, 2025By
An24 Africa
Rebels Reportedly Enter Key DR Congo City Despite US-Brokered Peace
Rebel forces entered Uvira, the last government-held city in eastern DR Congo, triggering panic and forcing thousands to flee into Burundi as heavy artillery and gunfire erupted. Residents said M23 rebels marched in unopposed and claimed to have “liberated” the city, despite officials insisting government troops remained in control. The advance came days after a US-brokered peace deal between Presidents Félix Tshisekedi and Paul Kagame, which the rebels’ move appeared to undermine. Burundi closed its borders due to fears of a massacre. Residents reported explosions, lockdown conditions, and chaos. Regional tensions escalated as the US, EU and several European nations accused Rwanda of supporting M23, a claim Rwanda denied while accusing DR Congo and Burundi of violating the ceasefire. UN officials reported intense shelling, at least 74 deaths, and 200,000 people displaced since fighting reignited, with more than 30,000 fleeing into Burundi alone. The offensive followed earlier rebel takeovers of Goma and Bukavu, and President Tshisekedi accused Rwanda of waging a proxy war over mineral-rich territory in the long-troubled region.
Ex-President Zuma’s Daughter Sworn in as MP Following Half-Sister’s Resignation
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Brumelda Zuma, the daughter of former President Jacob Zuma, was sworn in as an MP for the uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) party, replacing her half-sister, Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla. Zuma-Sambudla resigned after allegations that she had lured 17 South African men into fighting as mercenaries in Ukraine, claims she denies. Brumelda, who holds a degree in public administration and previously had no national profile, joined three other newly appointed MK MPs. She plans to focus on improving public services. Brumelda Zuma’s appointment suggests the former president intends to ensure his family is represented in parliament. Meanwhile, Zuma-Sambudla remains under investigation for the alleged recruitment scheme. The MK party, formed by Jacob Zuma in 2023 after a fallout with President Cyril Ramaphosa, rose to become the official opposition in last year’s general election.
At Least 22 Dead as Two Buildings Collapse in Morocco
Two four-storey residential buildings collapsed in Fez, Morocco, killing 22 people and injuring 16. Eight families lived in the buildings, which had reportedly shown signs of deterioration for a number of years. Authorities launched an investigation into its cause. Rescue operations continued through the night as emergency teams searched for survivors, while nearby residents were evacuated as a precaution. The public prosecutor’s office in Fez said one of the buildings had been empty but that the other had been hosting a celebration for the birth of a child when the incident occurred. Residents blamed poor construction and overcrowding, saying the structures came down within minutes. The tragedy comes amid longstanding concerns over unsafe buildings in Morocco, where officials warned earlier this year that nearly 14,000 structures nationwide were at risk of collapse, and where Fez has suffered several fatal building failures in recent months.
Liberia Faces FGM Crisis as Lawmakers Clash Over Ban
Liberia has seen a troubling resurgence of female genital mutilation (FGM). New footage revealed that 502 girls and young women were recently initiated during a combined Sande ceremony across Lofa, Maryland, and Sinoe counties. FGM affects half of Liberia’s rural women ages 15 to 49, according to UN Women. Health advocates warn that the latest mass initiation signals a worsening trend at a time when the country is grappling with legislative resistance and cultural pushback. Liberia’s President Joseph Boakai recently proposed a measure to criminalize FGM entirely, one of the strongest efforts to establish legal protections nationwide. However, the bill is already facing turbulence in the Legislature, echoing past political failures. Activists describe the mass initiation as a national emergency, warning that without political will, Liberia will continue to lag behind neighbouring countries in strengthening anti-FGM laws.
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Kenya Drought Pushes Nearly Two Million Toward Food Crisis
The Kenya Red Cross warned that nearly two million people were facing acute food insecurity as worsening drought conditions deepened water shortages, malnutrition, and long journeys to the few remaining water points in hard-hit counties. The agency said its needs continued to grow and called for more resources to sustain relief efforts. Its alarm echoed a September IGAD food-crisis report showing Kenya among five countries where acute food insecurity had tripled since 2016, rising from 13.9 million to 41.7 million people in 2025 across the region due to conflict, economic pressures, and climate extremes. IGAD climate forecasts predicted even drier conditions for parts of eastern Kenya, southern Ethiopia, and Somalia, where repeated poor rainy seasons had already entrenched drought. The number of acutely malnourished children in the seven member states remains alarmingly high. The majority of them need urgent treatment for severe acute malnutrition. However, significant funding cuts could result in an estimated 1 million people being unable to access this treatment.
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Africa: Age Restrictions Alone Won't Keep Children Safe Online
Africa: All of Africa Today – December 10, 2025
Africa: All of Africa Today – December 11, 2025
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